A client diagnosed with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The nurse explains that this procedure will be done for what purpose?

To determine the cause of the TIA

To remove atherosclerotic plaques blocking cerebral flow

To prevent seizure activity that is common following a TIA

To decrease cerebral edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) does not determine the cause of TIAs but treats them by removing plaques. Diagnostic tests like carotid ultrasound identify atherosclerosis as the cause. CEA addresses the known obstruction, preventing further ischemic events, not investigating their etiology.

Choice B reason: CEA removes atherosclerotic plaques from the carotid artery, restoring blood flow to the brain. TIAs often result from plaque-induced stenosis, causing transient ischemia. By clearing the blockage, CEA prevents recurrent TIAs and strokes, directly addressing the underlying cause of cerebral hypoperfusion.

Choice C reason: Preventing seizure activity is not the purpose of CEA. Seizures are not common after TIAs, which are transient ischemic events without permanent damage. CEA targets vascular stenosis to prevent ischemia, not neurological complications like seizures, which are unrelated to its mechanism.

Choice D reason: Decreasing cerebral edema is not a goal of CEA. Edema is more associated with hemorrhagic stroke or severe ischemia, not TIAs. CEA restores blood flow by removing plaques, preventing ischemic events, not addressing brain swelling, which requires different interventions like mannitol.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Bradycardia, or slow heart rate, is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. The condition causes dehydration due to excessive water loss, leading to hypovolemia, which typically increases heart rate (tachycardia) to compensate for reduced blood volume, not slowing it, making bradycardia an unlikely sign.

Choice B reason: Oliguria, or low urine output, is not a feature of diabetes insipidus. The condition results from ADH deficiency, causing the kidneys to produce large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria). Oliguria is more common in conditions like acute kidney injury or dehydration from other causes.

Choice C reason: Hypotension is a clinical sign of diabetes insipidus due to significant water loss from polyuria, leading to hypovolemia. Reduced blood volume decreases blood pressure, as the cardiovascular system struggles to maintain adequate perfusion, making hypotension a common finding in severe or untreated cases.

Choice D reason: Hypertension is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. The condition leads to dehydration and hypovolemia, which lower blood pressure. Hypertension might occur in conditions like SIADH, where water retention increases blood volume, but this is opposite to the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus.

A. A decrease in appetite B. A decrease in blood glucose levels C. A decrease in blood pressure D. A decrease in urine output

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: A decrease in appetite is not an expected effect of desmopressin, which mimics ADH to reduce urine output in diabetes insipidus. Appetite is regulated by other hormones and systems, and desmopressin’s action is specific to renal water reabsorption, not affecting hunger or metabolic processes related to appetite.

Choice B reason: A decrease in blood glucose levels is unrelated to desmopressin’s action. Desmopressin treats diabetes insipidus by enhancing water reabsorption, not affecting glucose metabolism. Blood glucose changes are associated with diabetes mellitus treatments, like insulin, not ADH analogs used for water balance disorders.

Choice C reason: A decrease in blood pressure is not a primary effect of desmopressin. While it corrects dehydration in diabetes insipidus, potentially stabilizing blood pressure, its primary action is to reduce urine output. Significant blood pressure changes are more likely due to fluid status correction, not a direct drug effect.

Choice D reason: Desmopressin, an ADH analog, reduces urine output in diabetes INSIPIDUS by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys’ collecting ducts. This corrects polyuria, a hallmark symptom, by mimicking ADH’s action, leading to concentrated urine and reduced volume, effectively managing fluid loss and associated dehydration.

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A client diagnosed with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The nurse explains that this procedure will be done for what purpose?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which clinical sign is associated with diabetes insipidus?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client is ordered desmopressin (DDAVP) for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. What therapeutic response does the nurse anticipate the client will experience?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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