A client experiencing an acute dystonic reaction presents with a laryngeal spasm. Which treatment should the nurse prepare?

Intravenous administration of benztropine.

Oral administration of divalproex.

Intravenous administration of isotonic crystalloid fluid.

Oral administration of lorazepam.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A)   Correct - Acute dystonic reactions are involuntary muscle spasms caused by certain medications, including antipsychotic drugs. These reactions can sometimes affect the muscles of the face and neck, including the larynx. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat acute dystonic reactions. It works by blocking certain neurotransmitters that contribute to muscle spasms, helping to relieve the symptoms.

B)   Incorrect - Divalproex is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It is not the appropriate treatment for acute dystonic reactions. These reactions are usually caused by certain antipsychotic medications and are characterized by sudden and involuntary muscle contractions. Divalproex does not have the specific mechanism of action needed to alleviate the symptoms of acute dystonic reactions.
C)   Incorrect - Isotonic crystalloid fluids are used for various purposes, such as fluid resuscitation, maintaining hydration, and balancing electrolytes. However, they are not a treatment for acute dystonic reactions. These reactions are neurological and musculoskeletal in nature and require medications with specific anticholinergic properties, like benztropine, to address the underlying issue.
D)   Incorrect - Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine commonly used for anxiety, sedation, and seizure control. While it can have a relaxing effect on muscles, it is not the first-line treatment for acute dystonic reactions. Anticholinergic medications like benztropine are more appropriate because they directly counteract the neurotransmitter imbalances that lead to muscle spasms in these reactions.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

They are needed to remove the saline lock safely and prevent bleeding or infection. The PN should wear exam gloves to protect themselves and the client from contamination, apply a small gauze pad over the insertion site, and secure it with paper tape after removing the saline lock.

A. Initiation of changes in infection control measures. B. Increasing the client's dietary servings of fruits and vegetables. C. Limiting the client's ﬂuid intake to avoid hemodilution. D. Avoiding the client's exposure to cold temperatures.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

- Anti-Glycan Neu5Gc Antibodies (AGNA) are antibodies that recognize a carbohydrate antigen called N- glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is found in animal-derived foods and tissues, but not in humans¹². Humans can incorporate Neu5Gc from their diet into their own cells, which can trigger an immune response and the production of AGNA¹².

- AGNA has been associated with various inﬂammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and cancer¹². AGNA may also play a role in the rejection of bioprosthetic heart valves, which are made from animal tissues that contain Neu5Gc¹.

- A client with carcinoma in situ of the left breast is a client with a non-invasive form of breast cancer, where the abnormal cells are confined to the ducts or lobules of the breast. This type of cancer has a high chance of cure with surgery and/or radiation therapy.

- Increased levels of AGNA in a client with carcinoma in situ of the left breast may indicate that the client has an increased risk of inﬂammation and infection, as AGNA can activate the complement system and recruit inﬂammatory cells to the site of Neu5Gc expression¹². This may impair the healing process and increase the chances of complications after surgery or radiation therapy.

- Therefore, the practical nurse (PN) should anticipate that the client's plan of care will include the initiation of changes in infection control measures, such as prophylactic antibiotics, wound care, sterile dressing changes, and monitoring for signs and symptoms of infection (such as fever, redness, swelling, pain, or pus). These measures will help to prevent or treat any potential infection and promote wound healing.

Therefore, option A is the correct answer, while options B, C, and D are incorrect.

Option B is incorrect because increasing the client's dietary servings of fruits and vegetables may not have a significant impact on the levels of AGNA or Neu5Gc in the client's body.

Option C is incorrect because limiting the client's ﬂuid intake to avoid hemodilution may not be necessary or beneficial for the client's condition.

Option D is incorrect because avoiding the client's exposure to cold temperatures may not be relevant or helpful for the client's condition.

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A client experiencing an acute dystonic reaction presents with a laryngeal spasm. Which treatment should the nurse prepare?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The practical nurse (PN) prepares to remove a client's saline lock. Which supplies should the PN gather? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

While receiving report for a client with carcinoma in situ of the left breast, the practical nurse (PN) reviews a pending lab report and notices increased levels of Anti-Glycan Neu5Gc Antibodies (AGNA). Which changes should the PN anticipate to be included in the client's plan of care?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Prior to administering pain medication to an adult postoperative client, what information should the practical nurse (PN) obtain? (Select all that apply.)

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After completing post anesthesia recovery assessments, the registered nurse (RN) asks the practical nurse (PN) to transfer four clients, each two hours post-birth, to the postpartum unit. Which client should the PN ask the RN to reassess prior to transfer?

The practical nurse (PN) observes a newly hired unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who is counting a client's radial pulse as seen in the picture. Which action should the PN take?