A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?

"The PSA blood test is highly reliable at identifying prostate cancer."

"If you have a PSA blood test, you will not need a digital rectal examination."

"PSA blood tests should be performed annually starting at age 25."

"PSA can be elevated due to prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or infection."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: PSA isn’t highly reliable alone; false positives occur. It’s a screening tool, not definitive, requiring biopsy for diagnosis, making this inaccurate and less informative than explaining its broader causes for this client fully here.
Choice B reason: PSA complements, not replaces, digital rectal exam (DRE). Both detect cancer; PSA misses some tumors DRE finds, rendering this false and incomplete for teaching screening essentials to a committed client entirely here fully.
Choice C reason: Annual PSA at 25 is too early; guidelines suggest 50, or 40-45 with family history. This overstates frequency and timing, misguiding the client on evidence-based screening practices for prostate cancer risk comprehensively here.
Choice D reason: PSA rises with cancer, BPH, or infection, educating the client on its non-specificity. This accurate teaching supports informed screening with family history, clarifying why follow-up is key, making it the best response accurately here.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Clenching teeth tests cranial nerve V’s motor branch, innervating mastication muscles like the masseter. This assesses strength and symmetry, directly evaluating trigeminal function, making it the precise instruction for this nerve’s motor assessment accurately here.
Choice B reason: Opening the mouth and saying “ah” tests cranial nerves IX and X, not V. This assesses gag reflex and palate movement, missing the trigeminal’s role in jaw strength, rendering it irrelevant to this specific nerve exam fully.
Choice C reason: Shining light in the eye tests cranial nerves II and III, not V. This checks pupil response, unrelated to trigeminal sensory or motor functions, excluding it from the assessment of jaw and facial sensation entirely here.
Choice D reason: Closing one eye and looking tests cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, not V. This evaluates eye movement, not trigeminal innervation of facial muscles or sensation, disconnecting it from the intended cranial nerve assessment fully here.

A. Human papillomavirus B. Human immunodeficiency virus C. Syphilis D. Gonorrhea

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 and 18, is the primary cervical cancer risk, causing 99% of cases. This STI triggers oncogenic changes in cervical cells, making it the key factor for this class accurately and fully here.
Choice B reason: HIV weakens immunity, raising HPV persistence risk, but isn’t a direct cervical cancer cause. Its role is secondary, amplifying HPV effects, not independently driving carcinogenesis, excluding it as the major factor comprehensively here entirely.
Choice C reason: Syphilis, a bacterial STI, causes sores, not cervical cancer. It lacks the viral oncogenic mechanism of HPV, rendering it irrelevant as a primary risk factor for this malignancy in the educational context fully here.
Choice D reason: Gonorrhea causes inflammation, not cancer. This bacterial STI doesn’t alter cervical DNA like HPV, making it an incorrect choice for a major risk factor in cervical cancer education for these students entirely here fully.

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A client has a family history of prostate cancer and is committed to regular screening. What should the nurse teach the client about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing cranial nerve 5 (the trigeminal nerve) in a newly admitted client. What instruction should the nurse provide to the client during this phase of the assessment?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is presenting a class to a group of high school students about sexually transmitted infections. What would the nurse include as a major risk factor for cervical cancer?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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