A client is discussing their sleep patterns with a nurse during an assessment. The client mentions that they frequently wake up during the night and have difficulty falling back asleep. The client also reports snoring loudly and occasionally waking up gasping for air. These symptoms are most indicative of which type of sleep disorder?

Insomnia.

Narcolepsy.

Restless legs syndrome.

Sleep apnea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep, often resulting in daytime impairments. The symptoms mentioned in the question, such as snoring loudly and waking up gasping for air, are more indicative of sleep apnea rather than insomnia. Insomnia does not typically involve loud snoring or gasping for air.

Choice B rationale:

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that involves excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep (called cataplexy), and disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle. While the client in the question reports waking up gasping for air and loud snoring, these symptoms are not characteristic of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy symptoms are more related to sudden sleep attacks and disruptions in REM sleep.

Choice C rationale:

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs that leads to an irresistible urge to move them, often occurring at rest and during the evening or nighttime. It can disrupt sleep due to the need to move the legs, but it does not typically cause loud snoring or waking up gasping for air. RLS is more associated with uncomfortable sensations in the legs rather than breathing-related symptoms.

Choice D rationale:

Sleep apnea involves repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and symptoms such as loud snoring, gasping for air, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The client's symptoms of snoring loudly and waking up gasping for air are characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea, where the airway becomes blocked or collapses during sleep, leading to temporary pauses in breathing.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Restless legs syndrome (RLS). RLS is characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. It is not associated with grinding of the teeth.

Choice B rationale:

Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder (SRMD). SRMD involves repetitive and rhythmic movements during sleep, such as head banging or body rocking. It does not involve teeth grinding.

Choice C rationale:

Bruxism. This is the correct choice. Bruxism is the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep. It is often associated with stress, anxiety, and dental conditions. Treatment may involve the use of mouthguards to protect the teeth.

Choice D rationale:

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). PLMD is characterized by repetitive limb movements during sleep, often involving the legs. It is not associated with teeth grinding.

A. "Do you often find yourself experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness?". B. "Have you been sleeping for more than 9 hours a night?". C. "Are you experiencing episodes of abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep?". D. "Have you been falling asleep at inappropriate times during the day?".

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common consequence of insomnia. This question aims to assess whether the client experiences daytime impairment due to poor sleep initiation or maintenance. Inquiring about excessive daytime sleepiness is crucial because it reflects the potential impact of insomnia on the client's daily functioning.

Choice B rationale:

Asking about whether the client sleeps for more than 9 hours a night is not directly related to insomnia. While prolonged sleep can be seen in certain conditions like hypersomnolence, it doesn't address the core symptom of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep associated with insomnia.

Choice C rationale:

Inquiring about abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep is relevant for sleep disorders like sleep apnea, which can cause disruptions in sleep due to breathing difficulties. However, this question is not specific to the symptoms of insomnia, which involve difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep.

Choice D rationale:

Asking about falling asleep at inappropriate times during the day is more aligned with narcolepsy, a disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep. While some individuals with insomnia might experience daytime sleepiness, it's not a defining feature of the disorder.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is inquiring about sleep-related movement disorders. Which of the following conditions involves grinding of the teeth during sleep and is often associated with stress and anxiety?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who reports difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, causing impairment and distress. Which of the following statements made by the nurse reflects an appropriate assessment?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

(Select all that apply):. A nurse is assisting a patient with implementing good sleep hygiene practices. Which of the following actions would the nurse recommend to the patient? Select all that apply.

A nurse is providing education on treatment options for sleep-related breathing disorders. Select all of the following interventions that are commonly used for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

A nurse is teaching a patient with sleep pattern disturbance about cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques. Which statement accurately describes CBT for sleep disorders?

A nurse is educating a group of clients about sleep-related breathing disorders. Which of the following symptoms is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

A nurse is assessing a patient who has been experiencing sleep deprivation. The patient complains of feeling more anxious and irritable lately. Which statement made by the patient aligns with the potential impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders?

A nurse is discussing sleep-related movement disorders with a client. Select all of the following factors that can contribute to restless legs syndrome (RLS).

(Select all that apply):. A nurse is educating a group of patients about the treatment options for sleep and wakefulness disorders. Which of the following options would the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply.

(Select All That Apply):. A nurse is assessing a client's medical history for potential risk factors for sleep and wakefulness disorders. Which of the following are considered medical disorders that can contribute to these disorders? Select all that apply.