A client is discussing their sleep patterns with a nurse during an assessment. The client mentions that they frequently wake up during the night and have difficulty falling back asleep. The client also reports snoring loudly and occasionally waking up gasping for air. These symptoms are most indicative of which type of sleep disorder?
Insomnia.
Narcolepsy.
Restless legs syndrome.
Sleep apnea.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep, often resulting in daytime impairments. The symptoms mentioned in the question, such as snoring loudly and waking up gasping for air, are more indicative of sleep apnea rather than insomnia. Insomnia does not typically involve loud snoring or gasping for air.
Choice B rationale:
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that involves excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep (called cataplexy), and disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle. While the client in the question reports waking up gasping for air and loud snoring, these symptoms are not characteristic of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy symptoms are more related to sudden sleep attacks and disruptions in REM sleep.
Choice C rationale:
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs that leads to an irresistible urge to move them, often occurring at rest and during the evening or nighttime. It can disrupt sleep due to the need to move the legs, but it does not typically cause loud snoring or waking up gasping for air. RLS is more associated with uncomfortable sensations in the legs rather than breathing-related symptoms.
Choice D rationale:
Sleep apnea involves repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and symptoms such as loud snoring, gasping for air, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The client's symptoms of snoring loudly and waking up gasping for air are characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea, where the airway becomes blocked or collapses during sleep, leading to temporary pauses in breathing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Increased irritability and anxiety are indeed potential impacts of sleep deprivation, but they primarily affect the emotional aspect of the individual rather than cognitive function.
Choice B rationale:
Altered metabolic function such as obesity is a potential impact of sleep deprivation, but it's related to metabolic processes rather than cognitive function.
Choice C rationale:
Impaired judgment and decision-making are well-documented effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive processes, and lack of adequate sleep can lead to difficulties in reasoning, problem-solving, and making sound decisions.
Choice D rationale:
Decreased sexual function like low libido is a potential impact of sleep deprivation, but it's related to sexual health rather than cognitive function.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Sleep deprivation can lead to reduced susceptibility to infections.". This statement is incorrect. Sleep deprivation weakens the immune system and reduces the body's ability to fight off infections. Lack of sleep can lead to a decrease in the production of immune cells and antibodies, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
Choice B rationale:
"Sleep deprivation can enhance wound healing.". This statement is incorrect. Wound healing is adversely affected by sleep deprivation. Sleep is essential for the body's natural healing processes, as it allows for the release of growth factors and the repair of damaged tissues. Sleep deprivation can slow down wound healing and hinder the body's recovery mechanisms.
Choice C rationale:
"Sleep deprivation has no impact on autoimmune diseases.". This statement is incorrect. Sleep deprivation can have a significant impact on autoimmune diseases. Sleep plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining immune system balance. Sleep deprivation can exacerbate autoimmune conditions and contribute to their progression.
Choice D rationale:
"Sleep deprivation can increase the risk of inflammation.". This is the correct answer. Sleep deprivation is known to increase the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. These inflammatory markers can lead to chronic inflammation, which is associated with various health problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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