A client is discussing their sleep patterns with a nurse during an assessment. The client mentions that they frequently wake up during the night and have difficulty falling back asleep. The client also reports snoring loudly and occasionally waking up gasping for air. These symptoms are most indicative of which type of sleep disorder?
Insomnia.
Narcolepsy.
Restless legs syndrome.
Sleep apnea.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep, often resulting in daytime impairments. The symptoms mentioned in the question, such as snoring loudly and waking up gasping for air, are more indicative of sleep apnea rather than insomnia. Insomnia does not typically involve loud snoring or gasping for air.
Choice B rationale:
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that involves excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep (called cataplexy), and disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle. While the client in the question reports waking up gasping for air and loud snoring, these symptoms are not characteristic of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy symptoms are more related to sudden sleep attacks and disruptions in REM sleep.
Choice C rationale:
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs that leads to an irresistible urge to move them, often occurring at rest and during the evening or nighttime. It can disrupt sleep due to the need to move the legs, but it does not typically cause loud snoring or waking up gasping for air. RLS is more associated with uncomfortable sensations in the legs rather than breathing-related symptoms.
Choice D rationale:
Sleep apnea involves repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and symptoms such as loud snoring, gasping for air, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The client's symptoms of snoring loudly and waking up gasping for air are characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea, where the airway becomes blocked or collapses during sleep, leading to temporary pauses in breathing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Enhanced mood and behavior. Enhanced mood and behavior are not potential consequences of sleep deprivation. Instead, sleep deprivation is often linked to mood disturbances such as irritability, mood swings, and increased stress. Lack of sleep can negatively impact emotional well-being and behavior.
Choice B rationale:
Improved communication skills. Improved communication skills are not a potential consequence of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive functions, including communication skills. Individuals who are sleep-deprived may experience difficulties in articulating thoughts, concentrating, and engaging in effective communication.
Choice C rationale:
Reduced work performance. This is one of the correct answers. Sleep deprivation can significantly reduce work performance. Cognitive deficits resulting from lack of sleep can lead to decreased productivity, poor decision-making, and impaired concentration. This can have a negative impact on work-related tasks and responsibilities.
Choice D rationale:
Increased appetite regulation. This is another correct answer. Sleep deprivation can disrupt the body's appetite regulation mechanisms. It leads to hormonal changes that increase the production of ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite, and decrease the production of leptin, a hormone that signals satiety. As a result, sleep-deprived individuals often experience increased hunger and cravings.
Choice E rationale:
Altered hormonal levels. This is the third correct answer. Sleep deprivation can disrupt the normal balance of hormones in the body. It can lead to changes in hormones such as cortisol (the stress hormone) and growth hormone. These hormonal disruptions can have widespread effects on various physiological processes, including metabolism, stress response, and immune function.
Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Genetic factors. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) does have a genetic component, but it's not a major contributing factor on its own. While there might be a family history, it's not a primary cause of RLS.
Choice B rationale:
Iron deficiency anemia. This is a correct choice. Iron deficiency is strongly associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Iron is crucial for dopamine production and function, and dopamine dysregulation is thought to play a role in RLS. Treatment of iron deficiency can often alleviate RLS symptoms.
Choice C rationale:
Excessive caffeine consumption. This is a correct choice. Caffeine is a stimulant that can worsen symptoms of RLS. It can exacerbate the restlessness and discomfort in the legs that are characteristic of the disorder.
Choice D rationale:
Pregnancy. Pregnancy can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms, but it is not a primary cause of RLS. The hormonal changes and increased blood volume during pregnancy can lead to RLS symptoms, but these symptoms typically resolve after pregnancy.
Choice E rationale:
Chronic stress. Chronic stress can worsen RLS symptoms, but it is not a direct cause. Stress can exacerbate the discomfort and restlessness in the legs, making the symptoms more pronounced.
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