A client is practicing using an incentive spirometer after surgery. The nurse has explained the use, demonstrated how it works, and also given the Rationale for the client to continue to use this device. When giving the nurse a return demonstration of the use of this device, the client will show learning in which domain?

Psychomotor

Cognitive

Imitation

Affective

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The psychomotor domain involves the development of physical skills and the ability to manipulate objects. When the client performs a return demonstration of using the incentive spirometer, they are demonstrating their ability to coordinate their muscles and movements to correctly operate the device. This includes actions such as inhaling deeply, maintaining proper technique, and achieving the desired lung volume.

B The cognitive domain pertains to the acquisition and application of knowledge and intellectual skills. Understanding how the incentive spirometer works, its purpose in improving lung function post-surgery, and the correct technique for using it all fall under cognitive learning. The client must grasp the

Rationale behind using the spirometer to promote effective breathing and prevent complications like atelectasis.

C. Imitation involves observing and copying someone else's actions. In the context of using an incentive spirometer, the initial demonstration by the nurse serves as a model for the client to imitate. After receiving instructions and observing the nurse's demonstration, the client imitates the correct technique during the return demonstration. However, imitation alone does not fully capture the learning domain demonstrated by the client.

D. The affective domain focuses on attitudes, values, beliefs, and emotions. While using the incentive spirometer involves physical and cognitive skills, it also involves motivation and willingness to engage in the activity as prescribed by the healthcare provider. This domain encompasses the client's commitment to following through with spirometer use as part of their recovery and adherence to the healthcare plan.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Heard over most of the lung fields, except for the major bronchi and the trachea.

Low intensity and pitch, with a longer inspiratory phase than expiratory phase. They are softer and more breezy in quality. Vesicular breath sounds are heard over the peripheral lung fields, including the apex (top) of the lungs.

A. Heard over the major bronchi, which are near the sternum and between the scapulae. They are of intermediate intensity and pitch, with equal inspiration and expiration phases. They are typically heard in the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces along the sternal border and between the scapulae.

C. Heard over the trachea and larynx.

Characteristics: High intensity and pitch, with a short inspiratory phase and a longer expiratory phase. They are louder and harsher in quality, resembling the sound of air blowing through a hollow pipe.

D. Crackles are abnormal breath sounds that can be fine or coarse.

Fine crackles are high-pitched, short, popping sounds heard during inspiration, often due to fluid in the small airways or alveoli.

Coarse crackles are loud, low-pitched, bubbling sounds heard during inspiration, typically due to the presence of secretions in the larger airways.

A. Ineffective Sexuality Pattern B. Risk for Social Isolation C. Activity Intolerance D. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. This problem indicates that the client is not receiving adequate nutrition to meet metabolic needs, which can lead to malnutrition and compromised healing. Addressing imbalanced nutrition is crucial for maintaining health and supporting recovery.

A. This problem refers to disturbances in sexual function or satisfaction. While important to address, it is not typically considered a high priority compared to other physiological or safety-related issues unless it B This problem indicates the potential for the client to experience loneliness or social disconnection, which can impact mental and emotional well-being. While addressing social isolation is important for holistic care, it may not be as urgent as issues related to physical health or safety.

C This problem indicates the inability to endure physical activities or exercise due to insufficient physiological or psychological energy. Activity intolerance can be a significant concern post-operatively or in clients with chronic conditions, as it can affect recovery and overall functional ability.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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