A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for aortic stenosis. What statement by the client during the nurse's interview is most suggestive of this valvular disorder?

"I get chest pain from time to time, but it usually resolves with rest."

"Sometimes when I'm resting, I can feel my heart skip a beat."

"My feet and ankles have gotten very puffy the last few weeks."

"Whenever I do any form of exercise, I get very short of breath."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "I get chest pain from time to time, but it usually resolves with rest.": While chest pain (angina) can occur with aortic stenosis, it is not as specific as the symptom described in option D. Angina could be related to various other cardiac conditions, including coronary artery disease.

B. "Sometimes when I'm resting, I can feel my heart skip a beat.": Palpitations or feeling like the heart skips a beat are common in many cardiac arrhythmias but are not specifically indicative of aortic stenosis.

C. "My feet and ankles have gotten very puffy the last few weeks.": Edema (puffy feet and ankles) is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure or other conditions like chronic venous insufficiency, not specifically aortic stenosis.

D. "Whenever I do any form of exercise, I get very short of breath.": Dyspnea on exertion is a classic symptom of aortic stenosis. It occurs because the narrowed aortic valve obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, reducing cardiac output and causing exertional symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Prolonged P-R interval: A prolonged P-R interval may indicate an atrioventricular (AV) block or conduction delay, but it is not specifically associated with hyperkalemia.

B. Peaked T waves: Peaked T waves are a classic EKG finding in hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can affect cardiac repolarization, leading to tall, peaked T waves on the EKG.

C. Elevated ST segment: An elevated ST segment may indicate myocardial injury or ischemia but is not typically associated with hyperkalemia.

D. Inverted P wave: An inverted P wave may indicate atrial enlargement or conduction abnormalities but is not specifically associated with hyperkalemia.

A. Allergic rhinitis B. Cough C. Hypotension D. Wheezing E. Urticaria

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Allergic rhinitis: This is a common manifestation of a type I hypersensitivity reaction, often involving nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching.

B. Cough: While a cough can occur, it is not as specific or common in the context of systemic type I hypersensitivity reactions as the other options.

C. Hypotension: Hypotension can occur due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, which are hallmarks of systemic anaphylaxis.

D. Wheezing: Wheezing results from bronchoconstriction, a common feature in systemic type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis.

E. Urticaria: Urticaria (hives) is a common skin manifestation of a type I hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by itchy, raised welts on the skin.

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A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for aortic stenosis. What statement by the client during the nurse's interview is most suggestive of this valvular disorder?

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