A client presents with a pH of 7.25, PC02 of 40 mmHg, HCO3- of 16 mEq/L. Which of the following best describes the client's acid-base imbalance?

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition is characterized by an elevated pH above 7.45 and an increased bicarbonate level. In this case, the pH is low and the HCO₃⁻ is also decreased, ruling out metabolic alkalosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated: A pH of 7.25 indicates acidemia, and a bicarbonate level of 16 mEq/L confirms a metabolic origin. The PaCO₂ is normal at 40 mmHg, indicating that respiratory compensation has not yet occurred, making this an uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis involves a low pH and elevated PaCO₂ due to hypoventilation. This client’s PaCO₂ is within normal range, so respiratory causes can be ruled out.
D. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated: This condition presents with a high pH and low PaCO₂, typically due to hyperventilation. The client has an acidic pH and a normal PaCO₂, which does not support respiratory alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Drooling: Drooling is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease due to impaired swallowing and decreased muscle control, and anticholinergic agents may actually help reduce it. Therefore, it is not a side effect that the client needs to report, but rather an expected symptom that may improve with medication.
B. Anhidrosis: Anhidrosis, or the inability to sweat, is a significant side effect of anticholinergic medications. This condition can lead to overheating and heatstroke, especially in warm environments. Clients should report this side effect immediately, as it may require dose adjustment or discontinuation of the medication.
C. Tremors: Tremors are a hallmark symptom of Parkinson’s disease, not a side effect of anticholinergic medications. These medications are often prescribed to reduce tremors, so the presence of tremors would not typically indicate a medication issue unless they worsen unexpectedly.
D. Rigidity: Rigidity is another classic motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease. Anticholinergic drugs do not typically cause or worsen rigidity. If rigidity persists or worsens, it may indicate disease progression rather than a medication side effect.

A. The client should maintain systolic BP between 141 and 145 mm Hg. B. The client should maintain systolic BP between 136 and 140 mm Hg C. The client should maintain systolic BP between 120 and 129 mm Hg. D. The client should maintain systolic BP between 130 and 135 mm Hg

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The client should maintain systolic BP between 141 and 145 mm Hg. This BP range is too high for clients with hypertension, especially those who have had a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The goal is to reduce BP to lower levels to prevent further stroke risk.
B. The client should maintain systolic BP between 136 and 140 mm Hg: This is still too high. Current guidelines recommend keeping systolic BP lower to reduce the risk of recurrent strokes or further vascular damage.
C. The client should maintain systolic BP between 120 and 129 mm Hg: This is the most appropriate target for clients with hypertension and TIA. Maintaining a BP within this range is known to reduce the risk of future strokes.
D. The client should maintain systolic BP between 130 and 135 mm Hg: While this range is lower than some others, it is still above the ideal target for stroke prevention, which is under 130 mm Hg for clients at high risk.

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A client presents with a pH of 7.25, PC02 of 40 mmHg, HCO3- of 16 mEq/L. Which of the following best describes the client's acid-base imbalance?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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