A client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 40 mmHg, HCO3- of 20 mEq/L. These findings indicate which of the following conditions?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated
Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated
The Correct Answer is C
A. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a high PaCO2 level due to hypoventilation or impaired lung function, which is not reflected in this ABG result. The pH of 7.30 indicates acidosis, but the normal PaCO2 of 40 mmHg suggests it is not respiratory in nature.
B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis involves a decrease in PaCO2, which is not present here. The PaCO2 of 40 mmHg is within normal range, ruling out this possibility.
C. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated: The low HCO3- of 20 mEq/L and the pH of 7.30 indicate metabolic acidosis. Since there is no compensation by the lungs (i.e., PaCO2 is not lowered), this is considered uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated: Metabolic alkalosis would involve an elevated HCO3- level and a higher pH, which is not seen in this case. The HCO3- is low, supporting metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Injections will work most quickly when given in the buttocks." The buttocks provide a larger muscle mass but are not the fastest site for insulin absorption. Insulin absorption from muscle tissue is slower compared to subcutaneous tissue, such as the abdomen.
B. "Injections will work most quickly when given in the thigh." While the thigh is a common site for insulin injection, it is not the fastest. Insulin absorption in the thigh is slower compared to the abdomen due to differences in the fat and muscle composition and blood flow.
C. "Injections will work most quickly when given in the upper arm." Insulin injected into the upper arm is absorbed more slowly than in the abdomen. The absorption rate can vary depending on the individual’s body composition, but the upper arm generally has a lower blood flow compared to the abdomen.
D. "Injections will work most quickly when given in the abdomen." The abdomen is the preferred site for insulin injection because it has a higher blood supply and faster absorption rate compared to other areas like the buttocks, thighs, or upper arms. Therefore, insulin injected into the abdomen will typically work more quickly.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Drooling: Drooling is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease due to impaired swallowing and decreased muscle control, and anticholinergic agents may actually help reduce it. Therefore, it is not a side effect that the client needs to report, but rather an expected symptom that may improve with medication.
B. Anhidrosis: Anhidrosis, or the inability to sweat, is a significant side effect of anticholinergic medications. This condition can lead to overheating and heatstroke, especially in warm environments. Clients should report this side effect immediately, as it may require dose adjustment or discontinuation of the medication.
C. Tremors: Tremors are a hallmark symptom of Parkinson’s disease, not a side effect of anticholinergic medications. These medications are often prescribed to reduce tremors, so the presence of tremors would not typically indicate a medication issue unless they worsen unexpectedly.
D. Rigidity: Rigidity is another classic motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease. Anticholinergic drugs do not typically cause or worsen rigidity. If rigidity persists or worsens, it may indicate disease progression rather than a medication side effect.
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