A client was recently diagnosed with advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Which sign or symptoms indicates that the lymphoma involves the presence of a mediastinal mass?
Shortness of breath, especially when lying flat
Pain/swelling of the lymph nodes
Low grade fevers of unknown etiology
Drenching night sweats
The Correct Answer is A
A. A mass in the mediastinum can compress the trachea or major blood vessels, leading to shortness of breath, particularly when the patient is in a supine position (lying flat). This symptom is indicative of significant obstruction or compression, making it a key sign.
B. While lymphadenopathy (swelling of lymph nodes) is a hallmark of Hodgkin's Lymphoma, it does not specifically indicate the presence of a mediastinal mass. Lymph nodes can swell throughout the body, including cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions, but this symptom is more general and not exclusive to mediastinal involvement.
C. Low-grade fevers can occur in Hodgkin's Lymphoma due to systemic effects of the cancer, such as cytokine release. However, this symptom is nonspecific and does not directly indicate a mediastinal mass. It is more indicative of the body's response to cancer rather than localized effects.
D. Drenching night sweats are another common systemic symptom associated with Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Like low-grade fevers, night sweats are part of the B symptoms that can occur with lymphoma but are not specifically indicative of a mediastinal mass.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Multiple myeloma can lead to dehydration and kidney problems. Increasing fluid intake helps to prevent these complications and can also help to reduce the risk of infections.
B. This statement is incorrect. Aspirin should not be taken unless prescribed by a doctor. It can increase the risk of bleeding in people with multiple myeloma.
C. Multiple myeloma can weaken the immune system, making the client more susceptible to infections. Using fragrance-free gel soap can help to reduce the risk of skin irritation and infections.
D. Multiple myeloma can cause bone pain. Using analgesics as needed can help to manage this pain and improve the client's quality of life.
E. Multiple myeloma can weaken bones, increasing the risk of fractures. Installing grab bars in the shower can help to prevent falls and reduce the risk of injuries.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The elevated pH and decreased PaCO2 indicate that the respiratory system is causing alkalosis, typically due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing).
B. Metabolic alkalosis would be indicated by a high pH with a normal or high HCO3. Since the HCO3 level is normal and the PaCO2 is low, this does not fit the picture of metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis would be characterized by a low pH and an elevated PaCO2 due to inadequate ventilation and accumulation of carbon dioxide. Here, the pH is high, and the PaCO2 is low.
D. Metabolic acidosis would be indicated by a low pH with a low HCO3. In this case, the pH is high, and the HCO3 is normal.
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