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A client who has lumbar radiculopathy due to spinal stenosis is scheduled for an interventional procedure to relieve their symptoms. The nurse explains to the client that they will receive an injection of a steroid and a local anesthetic into the epidural space of their spine. The client asks the nurse, "How will this help me?" Which of the following responses should the nurse give?

"The steroid will reduce the inflammation and swelling of the nerve root, which will decrease your pain and improve your function."

"The local anesthetic will block the transmission of pain signals from the nerve root to your brain, which will provide you with temporary relief."

"The combination of steroid and local anesthetic will shrink the size of the disc or bone spur that is compressing the nerve root, which will restore your mobility and sensation."

"The injection will deliver medication directly to the affected area of your spine, which will have fewer side effects than oral or intravenous medications."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

This is the correct answer because epidural steroid injections are used to treat radiculopathy by reducing inflammation and edema of the nerve root, which can relieve radicular pain and improve neurological function.

Choice B reason:

This is incorrect because local anesthetic alone can provide temporary pain relief by blocking nerve conduction, but it does not address the underlying cause of radiculopathy, which is nerve root compression.

Choice C reason:

This is incorrect because steroid and local anesthetic do not have any effect on the size or shape of the disc or bone spur that is compressing the nerve root. They only reduce inflammation and pain.

Choice D reason:

This is incorrect because although epidural injections may have fewer systemic side effects than oral or intravenous medications, they still have some risks and complications, such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, or spinal headache.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

This is a correct answer, as the medication increases dopamine levels in the brain, which helps to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Choice B reason:

This is an incorrect answer, as the medication does not decrease acetylcholine levels in the brain, but rather increases dopamine levels. Acetylcholine is another neurotransmitter that controls muscle contraction, learning, and memory.

Choice C reason:

This is an incorrect answer, as the medication does not increase serotonin levels in the brain, but rather increases dopamine levels. Serotonin is another neurotransmitter that controls mood, sleep, and appetite.

Choice D reason:

This is an incorrect answer, as the medication does not decrease glutamate levels in the brain, but rather increases dopamine levels. Glutamate is another neurotransmitter that controls excitatory signals in the brain.

A. Atherosclerosis B. Atrial fibrillation C. Cerebral aneurysm D. Arteriovenous malformation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

This is the correct answer because atherosclerosis is the main cause of ischemic stroke, as it leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the cerebral arteries and reduce blood flow to the brain.

Choice B reason:

This is incorrect because atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, but not the most common cause. Atrial fibrillation can cause embolic stroke, which occurs when a blood clot from the heart travels to the brain and blocks a cerebral artery.

Choice C reason:

This is incorrect because cerebral aneurysm is a cause of hemorrhagic stroke, not ischemic stroke. Cerebral aneurysm is a weak spot in a cerebral artery that can rupture and bleed into the brain.

Choice D reason:

This is incorrect because arteriovenous malformation is also a cause of hemorrhagic stroke, not ischemic stroke. Arteriovenous malformation is a congenital abnormality of the blood vessels in the brain that can leak or burst and cause bleeding.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is administering medication to a client who has Parkinson's disease. The client asks the nurse how the medication works. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has ischemic stroke. Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of ischemic stroke?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of this condition?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has ischemic stroke and is at risk for cerebral edema. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

A client has been diagnosed with radiculopathy due to a herniated disc in the lumbar spine. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following activities? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is providing education to a client who has peripheral neuropathy due to chemotherapy. The nurse should include which of the following instructions in the teaching plan?

A nurse is evaluating the outcomes of a client who has ischemic stroke and has received rehabilitation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an improvement in functional recovery?

A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is reviewing the anatomy of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with a group of nursing students. Which of the following statements by a student indicates a need for further teaching?