A client who has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+ T-Cell count of less than 200 cells/µL. Based on the diagnostic criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which statement by the nurse is correct?
"The client meets the criteria for the chronic asymptomatic HIV infection phase."
"The client has developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)."
"The client's CD4+ T-cell count is within the normal range."
"The client meets the criteria for the acute HIV infection phase."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL and the presence of PCP are indicative of AIDS, not the chronic asymptomatic phase of HIV.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. A CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL and an opportunistic infection such as PCP meet the CDC criteria for an AIDS diagnosis.
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect. A CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL is below the normal range and is one of the criteria for an AIDS diagnosis.
Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect because the acute HIV infection phase is characterized by a high viral load and a decrease in CD4+ T-cell count, but not necessarily below 200 cells/µL or the presence of opportunistic infections.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperactivity is not typically associated with chronic renal failure in children. Instead, children may experience fatigue and lethargy due to anemia and the overall decreased function of the kidneys.
Choice B reason: Weight gain can occur in chronic renal failure due to fluid retention; however, it is not as characteristic as delayed growth, which is a direct result of the disease's impact on the child's development.
Choice C reason: Delayed growth is a common finding in children with chronic renal failure due to various factors, including metabolic imbalances, bone disorders, and malnutrition, all of which can impede normal growth.
Choice D reason: A flushed face is not a typical finding in chronic renal failure. More common are signs related to fluid overload, such as swelling around the eyes, feet, and ankles, and symptoms of uremia like pallor.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Oral rehydration therapy is the first-line treatment for dehydration due to diarrhea, as it effectively restores fluid and electrolyte balance.
Choice B reason: While chicken broth may provide some salt, it lacks the necessary electrolytes and glucose needed for effective rehydration.
Choice C reason: A hypertonic IV solution is not typically used for dehydration due to diarrhea, as it can exacerbate fluid shifts and dehydration.
Choice D reason: Keeping a child NPO is not recommended as it can lead to further dehydration and delay recovery.
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