A nurse is caring for a male infant who has epispadias. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: It is important to empty the bladder completely to prevent urine from remaining in the bladder, which can promote bacterial growth. However, this choice is not specific to teaching and is a general practice for anyone.

Choice B reason: Wearing cotton underpants is recommended because cotton is breathable and reduces moisture buildup, which can create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. The normal range for breathability in fabrics is not quantifiable but is a qualitative characteristic.

Choice C reason: Wiping from front to back helps prevent the spread of bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, which can reduce the risk of UTI. This is a key teaching point for preventing UTI recurrence.

Choice D reason: Bubble baths can irritate the urethral opening and are associated with an increased risk of UTIs, especially in children. Avoiding them is a preventive measure that should be included in the teaching.

Choice E reason: Watching for manifestations of infection, such as fever, pain, or changes in urine, is crucial for early detection and treatment of UTIs. Parents should be taught to monitor these signs closely.

The correct answer is a. "Children play alongside each other but do not interact."

Choice A reason: Parallel play is characterized by children playing next to each other without engaging in direct interaction or cooperative play, which is typical behavior at certain developmental stages.

Choice B reason: Organized play involves interaction and cooperation, which is not characteristic of parallel play.

Choice C reason: While children may play independently in a group, this statement does not capture the essence of parallel play, which involves proximity without interaction.

Choice D reason: Observing others play is more indicative of onlooker behavior rather than parallel play.