A client who has tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+ T - Cell count of less than 200 cells/ ul. Based on the diagnostic criteria established by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which statement by the nurse is correct?

"The client meets the criteria for the chronic asymptomatic HIV infection phase."

"The clients CD4+ T cell count is within normal range."

"The client meets the criteria for the acute HIV infection phase."

"The client has developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Chronic asymptomatic HIV infection refers to a phase with no opportunistic infections and higher CD4+ counts.

B. A CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/μL is abnormal and diagnostic of AIDS, not within the normal range.

C. The acute HIV infection phase occurs shortly after exposure, characterized by flu-like symptoms and high viral load, not opportunistic infections.

D. The presence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (an AIDS-defining illness) and a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/μL confirms a diagnosis of AIDS.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Chronic asymptomatic HIV infection refers to a phase with no opportunistic infections and higher CD4+ counts.

B. A CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/μL is abnormal and diagnostic of AIDS, not within the normal range.

C. The acute HIV infection phase occurs shortly after exposure, characterized by flu-like symptoms and high viral load, not opportunistic infections.

D. The presence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (an AIDS-defining illness) and a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/μL confirms a diagnosis of AIDS.

A. Client with serum phosphorus level of 4.5 mg/dL. B. Client with serum magnesium level of 1.1 mEq/L who has tremors and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes. C. Client with serum potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L who is complaining of abdominal cramping. D. Client with serum sodium level of 145 mEq/L who has a dry mouth and is asking for a glass of water.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Client with serum phosphorus level of 4.5 mg/dL: This is within the normal range for phosphorus (2.5-4.5 mg/dL), and the client does not require immediate assessment.

B. Client with serum magnesium level of 1.1 mEq/L who has tremors and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes: This is the correct answer. A magnesium level of 1.1 mEq/L is below the normal range (1.5-2.5 mEq/L), and symptoms like tremors and hyperactive reflexes indicate hypomagnesemia, which can lead to serious complications such as arrhythmias.

C. Client with serum potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L who is complaining of abdominal cramping: A potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L is within the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), so this client does not need immediate intervention.

D. Client with serum sodium level of 145 mEq/L who has a dry mouth and is asking for a glass of water: A sodium level of 145 mEq/L is at the upper end of normal (135-145 mEq/L), and the symptoms are likely due to dehydration or a normal response.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

After receiving change-of-shift report, which client should the nurse assess first?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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