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A client who is an alcoholic receives a prescription for disulfiram 500 mg by mouth (PO) daily. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client?

Take the medication with at least 8 ounces (240 mL) of water and limit alcohol consumption while taking this medication.

Begin taking the medication immediately and take it daily, regardless of whether or not you drink alcohol.

Take the medication at bedtime and avoid consuming any more than one ounce of alcohol daily.

Take the medication each morning beginning 48 hours after your last drink of alcohol.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Take the medication with at least 8 ounces (240 mL) of water and limit alcohol consumption while taking this medication is incorrect. Alcohol must be completely avoided while taking disulfiram, as even small amounts can cause a severe reaction (e.g., nausea, vomiting, headache, flushing, hypotension).

B. Begin taking the medication immediately and take it daily, regardless of whether or not you drink alcohol is incorrect. Disulfiram should not be started until at least 12–48 hours after the last drink to prevent an acute reaction.

C. Take the medication at bedtime and avoid consuming any more than one ounce of alcohol daily is incorrect. Alcohol must be strictly avoided in any amount.

D. Take the medication each morning beginning 48 hours after your last drink of alcohol is correct. Disulfiram should be initiated at least 12–48 hours after the last alcohol consumption to prevent adverse reactions. The medication is usually taken in the morning to promote adherence.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Exploring changes in life after the loss can help the nurse understand the client's current situation and provide a basis for further interventions.
B. Suggesting psychiatric consultation might be necessary but might not be the immediate first step without assessing the client's current needs.
C. Offering a referral to pastoral counseling might be helpful, but understanding the client's current state is important before making specific referrals.
D. Encouraging attendance at a local support group could be beneficial but might not be the immediate priority without understanding the client's current emotional state.

A. Provide for personal space. B. Stand in the doorway. C. Request backup from the staff D. Encourage the client to sit down.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Providing personal space allows the client to feel less threatened and gives them room to express their emotions without feeling cornered.
B. Standing in the doorway might block the client's exit and could escalate the situation.
C. Requesting backup might be necessary in some situations but should not be the initial response to the client's agitation.
D. Encouraging the client to sit down might not be well-received and could escalate the situation further.

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