A client with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and frequent urination at night. Which risk factor is most likely contributing to the client's symptoms?

Hypertension

Diabetes mellitus

Smoking history

Family history of heart disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) This choice is correct. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a significant risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF). Prolonged hypertension can lead to the heart's increased workload, causing it to weaken over time and eventually leading to CHF. The client's symptoms of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and nocturia (frequent urination at night) are common manifestations of CHF resulting from uncontrolled hypertension.

B) This choice is incorrect because diabetes mellitus, while a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is not directly associated with the symptoms described by the client. However, diabetes can exacerbate CHF if the client's blood glucose levels are not well-controlled.

C) This choice is incorrect because smoking history is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, but it is not specifically linked to the symptoms reported by the client in this case.

D) This choice is incorrect because a family history of heart disease may increase the client's risk of developing CHF, but it does not directly contribute to the current symptoms the client is experiencing.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because a body mass index (BMI) of 22 kg/m² is within the normal range and is not directly associated with the development of congestive heart failure in this scenario.

B) This choice is incorrect because a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg is within the normal range and does not indicate a direct precipitating factor for congestive heart failure in this case.

C) This choice is incorrect because a fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dL is within the normal range and is not directly associated with the development of congestive heart failure in this scenario.

D) This choice is correct. A serum cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL indicates high cholesterol, which is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of congestive heart failure and may have contributed to the client's condition.

A. "Consume a diet high in sodium to prevent fluid retention." B. "Limit your intake of fluids to 1 liter per day." C. "Restrict your intake of potassium-rich foods." D. "Follow a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid overload."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because consuming a diet high in sodium would exacerbate fluid retention in congestive heart failure. Clients with CHF should follow a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid overload and manage edema.

B) This choice is incorrect because limiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day is too restrictive and may lead to dehydration. Fluid restriction is essential for some clients with CHF, but the specific limit should be determined by the healthcare provider based on the client's individual needs.

C) This choice is incorrect because while potassium intake may need to be monitored, restricting potassium-rich foods is not a universal instruction for clients with CHF. It depends on the client's overall potassium levels and specific medication regimen.

D) This choice is correct. Following a low-sodium diet is essential for clients with congestive heart failure to reduce fluid retention and manage symptoms of fluid overload.

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A client with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and frequent urination at night. Which risk factor is most likely contributing to the client's symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure. Which assessment finding may indicate a potential precipitating factor for the client's condition?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a client with congestive heart failure regarding dietary management. Which instruction is essential for the nurse to include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Which instruction is essential for the client to prevent exacerbation of symptoms?

A client with suspected congestive heart failure undergoes a chest X-ray. The nurse should anticipate which finding that may be indicative of CHF?

A client with congestive heart failure presents with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse should recognize this symptom as:

A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure who reports sudden weight gain, shortness of breath, and swelling in the ankles. What is the nurse's priority action?

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic. The nurse should instruct the client to:

A client with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and frequent urination at night. Which risk factor is most likely contributing to the client's symptoms?

A nurse is assessing a client with congestive heart failure. Which finding indicates possible fluid accumulation in the lungs, a common symptom of CHF?

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed a loop diuretic. The nurse should closely monitor the client for which electrolyte imbalance associated with this medication?