A client with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and frequent urination at night. Which risk factor is most likely contributing to the client's symptoms?

Hypertension

Diabetes mellitus

Smoking history

Family history of heart disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) This choice is correct. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a significant risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF). Prolonged hypertension can lead to the heart's increased workload, causing it to weaken over time and eventually leading to CHF. The client's symptoms of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and nocturia (frequent urination at night) are common manifestations of CHF resulting from uncontrolled hypertension.

B) This choice is incorrect because diabetes mellitus, while a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is not directly associated with the symptoms described by the client. However, diabetes can exacerbate CHF if the client's blood glucose levels are not well-controlled.

C) This choice is incorrect because smoking history is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, but it is not specifically linked to the symptoms reported by the client in this case.

D) This choice is incorrect because a family history of heart disease may increase the client's risk of developing CHF, but it does not directly contribute to the current symptoms the client is experiencing.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because serum sodium levels are not directly impacted by digoxin. However, electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia, can potentiate digoxin toxicity, so potassium levels should be monitored.

B) This choice is incorrect because while digoxin can impact liver function, it is not the primary parameter to be monitored. Liver function tests may be performed periodically to assess liver health during digoxin therapy.

C) This choice is correct. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that can impact renal function. Monitoring urine output is essential to assess kidney function and the client's response to the medication.

D) This choice is incorrect because blood glucose levels are not specifically impacted by digoxin. However, hypokalemia resulting from digoxin therapy can cause alterations in glucose metabolism, so blood glucose levels should be monitored in clients taking digoxin.

A. Serum electrolyte levels B. Blood pressure readings C. Oxygen saturation levels D. Ejection fraction (EF)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because serum electrolyte levels are not directly measured during an echocardiogram. They are typically assessed through a blood test and are not specific to evaluating heart function using ultrasound.

B) This choice is incorrect because blood pressure readings are not directly measured during an echocardiogram. Blood pressure is typically assessed using a sphygmomanometer and is not specific to evaluating heart function using ultrasound.

C) This choice is incorrect because oxygen saturation levels are not directly measured during an echocardiogram. Oxygen saturation is typically assessed using a pulse oximeter and is not specific to evaluating heart function using ultrasound.

D) This choice is correct. Ejection fraction (EF) is a parameter measured during an echocardiogram to assess the client's heart function. It represents the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart's left ventricle with each heartbeat and is an essential indicator of heart muscle efficiency and potential heart failure.

Questions

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A client with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and frequent urination at night. Which risk factor is most likely contributing to the client's symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed digoxin. The nurse should monitor the client's:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with suspected congestive heart failure undergoes an echocardiogram. The nurse should expect which parameter to be measured during the echocardiogram to assess the client's heart function?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with suspected congestive heart failure. Which blood test is specifically used to measure heart strain and assist in the diagnosis of CHF?

A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure who is prescribed a loop diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential electrolyte imbalance associated with this medication?

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed furosemide, a loop diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effect of this medication?

A nurse is reviewing a client's medical history and notes a diagnosis of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The nurse recognizes this as a significant risk factor for congestive heart failure due to its association with:

A nurse is providing education to a client with congestive heart failure about managing fluid intake. The nurse should instruct the client to:

A client with a history of alcohol abuse and malnutrition is admitted with signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Which factor is likely a precipitating cause of the client's condition?

A client with congestive heart failure presents with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse should recognize this symptom as:

A nurse is reviewing the diagnostic tests for a client suspected of having congestive heart failure. Which test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing CHF?