A client with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and frequent urination at night. Which risk factor is most likely contributing to the client's symptoms?
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking history
Family history of heart disease
The Correct Answer is A
A) This choice is correct. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a significant risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF). Prolonged hypertension can lead to the heart's increased workload, causing it to weaken over time and eventually leading to CHF. The client's symptoms of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and nocturia (frequent urination at night) are common manifestations of CHF resulting from uncontrolled hypertension.
B) This choice is incorrect because diabetes mellitus, while a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is not directly associated with the symptoms described by the client. However, diabetes can exacerbate CHF if the client's blood glucose levels are not well-controlled.
C) This choice is incorrect because smoking history is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, but it is not specifically linked to the symptoms reported by the client in this case.
D) This choice is incorrect because a family history of heart disease may increase the client's risk of developing CHF, but it does not directly contribute to the current symptoms the client is experiencing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) This choice is incorrect because hypernatremia (high sodium levels) is not a common adverse effect of loop diuretics. Loop diuretics primarily impact sodium and water excretion.
B) This choice is incorrect because hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) is not typically associated with loop diuretics. In fact, loop diuretics can lead to increased potassium excretion, potentially causing hypokalemia.
C) This choice is incorrect because hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) is not a common adverse effect of loop diuretics. Loop diuretics primarily affect sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
D) This choice is correct. Loop diuretics are potent potassium-wasting diuretics, meaning they increase potassium excretion in the urine, potentially causing hypokalemia. The nurse should closely monitor the client's potassium levels and provide potassium supplementation if necessary.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) This choice is incorrect because consuming a diet high in sodium would exacerbate fluid retention in congestive heart failure. Clients with CHF should follow a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid overload and manage edema.
B) This choice is incorrect because limiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day is too restrictive and may lead to dehydration. Fluid restriction is essential for some clients with CHF, but the specific limit should be determined by the healthcare provider based on the client's individual needs.
C) This choice is incorrect because while potassium intake may need to be monitored, restricting potassium-rich foods is not a universal instruction for clients with CHF. It depends on the client's overall potassium levels and specific medication regimen.
D) This choice is correct. Following a low-sodium diet is essential for clients with congestive heart failure to reduce fluid retention and manage symptoms of fluid overload.
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