A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed thiazide diuretics. The nurse should recognize that these medications help prevent stone formation by:

Increasing the excretion of uric acid

Reducing the excretion of calcium in the urine

Increasing the pH of the urine

Dissolving existing kidney stones

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Thiazide diuretics do not directly increase the excretion of uric acid. They are primarily used to reduce calcium excretion and prevent the formation of calcium-based stones.

B. This is the correct answer. Thiazide diuretics help reduce the excretion of calcium in the urine, which can be beneficial in preventing the formation of certain types of kidney stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones.

C. Thiazide diuretics do not directly increase the pH of the urine. They primarily reduce calcium excretion.

D. Thiazide diuretics do not dissolve existing kidney stones. They are used to prevent stone formation, not to treat existing stones.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Allopurinol does not directly increase urine output. It is not a diuretic and is not used for that purpose.

B. Allopurinol does not dissolve existing kidney stones. It is primarily used to prevent the formation of uric acid stones, not to treat existing stones.

C. This is the correct answer. Allopurinol is a medication used to reduce the production of uric acid in the body. By lowering uric acid levels, it can help prevent the formation of uric acid stones.

D. Allopurinol does not increase the excretion of calcium. It is used specifically to address uric acid levels and prevent uric acid stone formation.

A. Fever and chills B. Blood in the urine C. Difficulty starting the urine stream D. Frequent urge to urinate

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Fever and chills are more commonly associated with a urinary tract infection, which can sometimes be a complication of kidney stones. However, the severe pain described is more likely related to the presence of the stone itself.

B. This is the correct answer. Blood in the urine, also known as hematuria, is a common symptom of kidney stones. As the stone moves through the urinary tract, it may cause irritation and small blood vessels may be damaged, resulting in blood in the urine.

C. Difficulty starting the urine stream is not a specific symptom of kidney stones. It may be seen in other urinary conditions but is not typically associated with stones.

D. The frequent urge to urinate may be experienced if the stone causes irritation in the bladder, but it is not the most common symptom associated with kidney stones.

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A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed thiazide diuretics. The nurse should recognize that these medications help prevent stone formation by:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed allopurinol. The nurse should recognize that this medication is primarily used to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with renal calculus presents to the clinic with severe pain. The nurse notes that the client is restless, pacing, and unable to find a comfortable position. Which additional symptom is the client most likely to report?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with a history of renal calculus is prescribed potassium citrate. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this medication?

A nurse is providing education to a client who has experienced recurrent kidney stones. The client asks, "What can I do to prevent future kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a history of recurrent kidney stones. Which risk factor is the nurse most likely to assess for in this client?

A nurse is providing education to a client who has a family history of kidney stones. The client asks, "Can I do anything to prevent getting kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

A client with a history of recurrent renal calculi asks the nurse, "What are the common risk factors for developing kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

A nurse is caring for a client who had a kidney stone removed through percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The nurse should closely monitor the client for which potential complication?

A client with renal calculus is scheduled for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). What information should the nurse provide to the client about this procedure?