A nurse is educating a client with acute renal failure about dietary modifications. What dietary recommendation is essential for this client?
Increase protein intake to support kidney function.
Limit potassium-rich foods to prevent hyperkalemia.
Consume a high-sodium diet to prevent fluid depletion.
Restrict fluid intake to prevent fluid overload.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Incorrect. While protein intake may need to be adjusted in acute renal failure, increasing protein intake is not typically recommended during the acute phase, as it may place additional stress on the kidneys.
B. Correct. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential for clients with acute renal failure, as impaired kidney function can lead to hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), which can be life-threatening.
C. Incorrect. A high-sodium diet is not recommended in acute renal failure, as it can exacerbate fluid retention and fluid overload.
D. Incorrect. Fluid restriction is not typically recommended in acute renal failure, especially if the client is experiencing fluid depletion and dehydration.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Incorrect. While fluid restriction may be necessary in certain cases of acute renal failure, it should be prescribed and monitored by the healthcare provider based on the client's specific needs.
B. Incorrect. A high-protein diet can put additional strain on the kidneys, and it is not recommended for clients with acute renal failure.
C. Incorrect. Over-the-counter diuretics may not be safe for clients with acute renal failure and can lead to further electrolyte imbalances.
D. Correct. The nurse's best response is to encourage the client to follow their healthcare provider's instructions and avoid medications that may harm the kidneys. Compliance with prescribed treatment plans and avoiding nephrotoxic medications are essential to support kidney function and prevent further damage.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would lead to increased urine output, not decreased urine output.
B. Incorrect. Obstruction of the urethra would cause postrenal acute renal failure and may lead to urinary retention, but it would not cause decreased urine output in prerenal or intrinsic acute renal failure.
C. Correct. In prerenal and intrinsic acute renal failure, impaired blood flow to the kidneys reduces the perfusion of nephrons, leading to decreased urine output.
D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake may contribute to fluid overload and decreased urine output in prerenal acute renal failure, but it is not the primary pathophysiological process that leads to decreased urine output.
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