A nurse is educating a client with acute renal failure about dietary modifications. What dietary recommendation is essential for this client?

Increase protein intake to support kidney function.

Limit potassium-rich foods to prevent hyperkalemia.

Consume a high-sodium diet to prevent fluid depletion.

Restrict fluid intake to prevent fluid overload.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Incorrect. While protein intake may need to be adjusted in acute renal failure, increasing protein intake is not typically recommended during the acute phase, as it may place additional stress on the kidneys.

B. Correct. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential for clients with acute renal failure, as impaired kidney function can lead to hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), which can be life-threatening.

C. Incorrect. A high-sodium diet is not recommended in acute renal failure, as it can exacerbate fluid retention and fluid overload.

D. Incorrect. Fluid restriction is not typically recommended in acute renal failure, especially if the client is experiencing fluid depletion and dehydration.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Increased urine output and polyuria are not associated with uremia. In fact, acute renal failure often leads to decreased urine output (oliguria or anuriA. .

B. Incorrect. Hypertension and bradycardia are not typical manifestations of uremia.

C. Correct. Uremia is a condition characterized by the buildup of waste products and toxins in the blood due to impaired kidney function. Clinical manifestations of uremia include confusion (encephalopathy), nausea and vomiting, and pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart).

D. Incorrect. Decreased respiratory rate and shallow breathing are not directly associated with uremia.

A. Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia. B. Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues. C. Impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys. D. Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia may contribute to prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological processes that lead to edema in acute renal failure.

B. Incorrect. Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues are not the primary mechanisms of edema in acute renal failure.

C. Correct. In acute renal failure, the impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys lead to fluid retention and edema in various parts of the body.

D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload may contribute to fluid retention and edema in prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological process in acute renal failure.

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A nurse is educating a client with acute renal failure about dietary modifications. What dietary recommendation is essential for this client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with acute renal failure develops uremia. What clinical manifestations are associated with uremia in this client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure who develops edema. What is the primary pathophysiological process that leads to edema in this client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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