A client with BPH is experiencing recurrent episodes of hematuria. The nurse should recognize this as a potential complication due to:

A) This is the correct answer. A digital rectal exam (DRE) involves the insertion of a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the size, shape, and texture of the prostate gland. It helps assess for enlargement and any abnormalities.

B) The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test measures the level of PSA in the blood, which may be elevated in various prostate conditions, including BPH. However, it does not directly assess the size and shape of the prostate gland.

C) Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) uses sound waves to create images of the prostate gland and is used to assess the prostate's size and identify any abnormalities.

D) Urinalysis is a urine test that evaluates the urine's physical and chemical properties but does not directly assess the size and shape of the prostate gland.

A. Radiation therapy is not a first-line treatment for BPH. It is primarily used for certain types of cancer treatment.

B. Hormone therapy may be used for advanced cases of BPH, but it is not typically the initial management.

C. This is the correct answer. Watchful waiting, also known as active surveillance, is often the initial management for mild to moderate BPH. It involves close monitoring of symptoms and the prostate's size without immediate intervention unless symptoms worsen or complications arise.

D. Invasive surgery is usually reserved for severe cases of BPH that do not respond to conservative management or when complications occur.