A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with BPH. The nurse explains that the initial management of BPH may involve:

A. Radiation therapy is not a first-line treatment for BPH. It is primarily used for certain types of cancer treatment.

B. Hormone therapy may be used for advanced cases of BPH, but it is not typically the initial management.

C. This is the correct answer. Watchful waiting, also known as active surveillance, is often the initial management for mild to moderate BPH. It involves close monitoring of symptoms and the prostate's size without immediate intervention unless symptoms worsen or complications arise.

D. Invasive surgery is usually reserved for severe cases of BPH that do not respond to conservative management or when complications occur.

A. This is the correct answer. Difficulty starting the urinary stream and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying are common symptoms of urinary retention, a complication of BPH. In BPH, the enlarged prostate obstructs the flow of urine from the bladder, leading to incomplete emptying and retention.

B. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not typically associated with BPH but may occur in other conditions affecting the urinary tract.

C. Stress incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing or sneezing, and is not specific to BPH.

D. Urgency is the sudden and strong need to urinate, and it is not specifically associated with BPH.