A client with BPH is prescribed an alpha-blocker medication. The nurse should instruct the client about which potential side effect of this medication?

A. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA. test is not specific to BPH diagnosis. Elevated PSA levels can be seen in both BPH and prostate cancer, but it is not used solely for BPH diagnosis.

B. This is the correct answer. The PSA test is primarily used as a screening tool for prostate cancer. Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer and can prompt further evaluation.

C. The PSA test is not used to assess renal function. It is specifically related to prostate health and prostate cancer screening.

D. The evaluation of urinary flow rate is typically done through urodynamic studies and flowmetry tests, not the PSA test.

A. Radiation therapy is not a first-line treatment for BPH. It is primarily used for certain types of cancer treatment.

B. Hormone therapy may be used for advanced cases of BPH, but it is not typically the initial management.

C. This is the correct answer. Watchful waiting, also known as active surveillance, is often the initial management for mild to moderate BPH. It involves close monitoring of symptoms and the prostate's size without immediate intervention unless symptoms worsen or complications arise.

D. Invasive surgery is usually reserved for severe cases of BPH that do not respond to conservative management or when complications occur.