A nurse is educating a client about risk factors for developing BPH. Which risk factor should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Stress urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine due to activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing or sneezing. It is not related to the symptoms described in the question.

B. Overflow urinary incontinence is characterized by a constant dribbling of urine due to an overdistended bladder. It is typically seen in conditions that obstruct urine flow, such as BPH, but it does not present as difficulty starting the urine stream and a weak flow.

C. This is the correct answer. Difficulty starting the urine stream and a weak urinary flow are common symptoms of urinary retention, a condition in which the bladder does not fully empty during voiding due to an obstruction, such as an enlarged prostate in BPH.

D. Urge urinary incontinence is characterized by a sudden, strong urge to urinate, followed by involuntary urine loss. It is not related to the symptoms described in the question.

Questions

A. Increased urinary frequency is a common symptom of BPH, but it is not directly related to bladder outlet obstruction. It is a result of reduced bladder capacity due to the obstruction.

B. Nocturia is the need to wake up at night to urinate and can be caused by reduced bladder capacity and increased urine production at night due to BPH. However, it is not as indicative of bladder outlet obstruction as difficulty emptying the bladder.

C. Hematuria (blood in the urinE. can be a sign of various urinary tract disorders but is not a specific symptom of bladder outlet obstruction.

D. This is the correct answer. Difficulty emptying the bladder is a hallmark symptom of bladder outlet obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate in BPH.