A client with chronic alcoholism has been found to have Wemicke encephalopathy. What is this irreversible complication characterized by?

Thiamine deficiency

Hypothalamic and mammillary body lesions

Inability to learn new skills and short-term memory loss

Double vision and rapid eye movement

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by a severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), a nutrient essential for brain function. This deficiency can occur in individuals with chronic alcoholism due to poor nutrition and malabsorption.

B. Wernicke encephalopathy results from severe thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, and it is characterized by damage to the brain, including the hypothalamic and mammillary body lesions.

C. This describes Korsakoff syndrome, which often follows Wernicke encephalopathy and is characterized by severe memory problems, particularly anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories).

D. These symptoms are not specific to Wernicke encephalopathy and can be caused by other neurological conditions.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Flat affect and hygiene needs - These are examples of negative symptoms. Flat affect refers to a lack of emotional expression, and hygiene needs can be impaired in individuals with schizophrenia.

B. Social isolation and anhedonia - These are also negative symptoms. Social isolation involves withdrawal from social interactions, and anhedonia is the inability to experience pleasure from previously enjoyable activities.

C. Hallucinations and delusions

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are symptoms that involve the presence of abnormal behaviors or experiences that are not typically seen in healthy individuals. The two primary positive symptoms of schizophrenia are hallucinations and delusions.

Hallucinations: These are sensory experiences that occur without any external stimuli. They can involve hearing voices, seeing things that are not there, or feeling sensations that others do not. Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) are the most common type in schizophrenia.

Delusions: Delusions are false beliefs that are resistant to reason or contradictory evidence. Common delusions in schizophrenia include paranoid delusions (believing others are plotting against the individual), grandiose delusions (believing one has special powers or is a famous person), or bizarre delusions (irrational and implausible beliefs).

D. Withdrawal and avolition - These are negative symptoms. Withdrawal refers to a reduction in the initiation of and participation in social activities, and avolition is a decrease in the motivation to perform purposeful activities.

A. participation in various physical activities. B. Encourage participation in a group card game. C. Encourage participation in a BINGO game D. Encourage the creation of new interactive game for unit

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

When caring for a client experiencing a manic episode, the plan of care should prioritize activities that help manage and redirect the excess energy and impulsivity often associated with mania. The most appropriate activity is:

A. Participation in various physical activities.

Explanation:

A. "Participation in various physical activities" - Engaging the client in physical activities can help channel their excess energy and restlessness in a safe and structured manner. Exercise can be a beneficial component of managing a manic episode.

B. "Encourage participation in a group card game" - Card games may not be suitable during a manic episode, as they often require focus and concentration, which can be challenging for someone in a state of heightened agitation and energy.

C. "Encourage participation in a BINGO game" - Similarly to card games, BINGO may require sustained attention and concentration, which may be difficult for a person in a manic state.

D. "Encourage the creation of a new interactive game for the unit" - While creativity can be a positive outlet, individuals in a manic state may have difficulty with impulse control, and creating a new game might lead to disorganized or chaotic interactions. It's important to prioritize safety and structure during a manic episode.

In summary, option A is the most appropriate because physical activities can help manage the client's excess energy and restlessness, promoting a safe and structured way to redirect their hyperactivity.

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A client with chronic alcoholism has been found to have Wemicke encephalopathy. What is this irreversible complication characterized by?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse states in report that the client is experiencing positive symptoms of schizophrenia. What symptoms would the nurse receiving report expect to observe?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The client is experiencing a manic episode. Which of the following activities will be included in the plan of care?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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