A client with chronic renal failure is experiencing fluid overload and hypertension. Which medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed to address these complications?

A. Incorrect. Smoking and tobacco use are harmful to the kidneys and can increase the risk of chronic renal failure.

B. Incorrect. While genetic factors may play a role in some cases of chronic renal failure, lifestyle changes can significantly impact the risk and progression of kidney disease.

C. Incorrect. While a history of kidney stones may be associated with an increased risk of kidney damage, it is not a primary risk factor for chronic renal failure.

D. Correct. Conditions such as hypertension and diabetes are two of the leading causes of chronic renal failure. Uncontrolled high blood pressure and elevated blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels and filtering units of the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease over time.

A. Incorrect. Reducing protein intake can lead to calcium loss and bone fractures in clients with chronic renal failure, as it may affect

bone health.

B. Correct. Limiting protein intake is a common dietary recommendation for clients with chronic renal failure to reduce the workload on the kidneys and slow the progression of kidney damage. Protein metabolism produces waste products that the kidneys must filter and excrete, and reducing protein intake can help alleviate this burden on the already compromised kidneys.

C. Incorrect. Decreasing protein intake may not necessarily improve appetite or overall nutritional status, as protein is essential for maintaining body functions and tissue repair.

D. Incorrect. While reducing protein intake can result in fewer waste products being generated, the primary reason for limiting protein intake in chronic renal failure is to reduce the strain on the kidneys, not solely to decrease waste production.

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