A nurse is assessing a client with chronic renal failure. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse recognize as a common early symptom of kidney dysfunction?

Peripheral edema and weight gain

Frothy urine and increased urination

Hypertension and headache

Fatigue and decreased appetite

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Incorrect. Peripheral edema and weight gain are more commonly associated with fluid retention in later stages of chronic renal failure when the kidneys are unable to effectively remove excess fluids from the body.

B. Incorrect. Frothy urine and increased urination may indicate proteinuria, a condition where excessive protein is excreted in the urine. While proteinuria can be a symptom of kidney dysfunction, it is not an early symptom.

C. Incorrect. Hypertension and headache can be associated with chronic renal failure, but they are not specific to early stages of kidney dysfunction.

D. Correct. Fatigue and decreased appetite are early clinical manifestations of kidney dysfunction in chronic renal failure. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products and toxins from the blood, and when kidney function is compromised, it can lead to a buildup of waste products in the body, causing fatigue and decreased appetite.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Applying a heating pad may provide temporary relief for muscle cramps, but it does not address the underlying cause.

B. Correct. Muscle cramps in clients with chronic renal failure can be caused by dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Encouraging the client to increase fluid intake can help alleviate muscle cramps and maintain adequate hydration.

C. Incorrect. While calcium supplements may be prescribed in certain situations, they are not the first-line intervention for muscle cramps in chronic renal failure.

D. Incorrect. Educating the client about potassium-rich foods is important for managing potassium levels, but it is not the priority in this situation. Muscle cramps are more likely related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances rather than potassium intake.

A. Increased blood pressure readings B. Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) C. Dry and cracked skin D. Polyuria (increased urination)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Correct. Increased blood pressure readings can be an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload in clients with chronic renal failure. Fluid retention can lead to hypertension as the kidneys struggle to excrete excess fluids.

B. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia may occur in chronic renal failure, but it is not an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload.

C. Incorrect. Dry and cracked skin is more commonly associated with dehydration rather than fluid overload.

D. Incorrect. Polyuria is not typically associated with fluid overload. Instead, it may be present in early stages of chronic renal failure due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine properly.

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A nurse is assessing a client with chronic renal failure. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse recognize as a common early symptom of kidney dysfunction?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. The client reports experiencing muscle cramps. What is the nurse's best action?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client with chronic renal failure for potential fluid overload. Which finding should the nurse prioritize as an early clinical manifestation of fluid retention?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with chronic renal failure asks the nurse why they need to limit their dietary protein intake. What is the nurse's best response?

A nurse is reviewing the GFR test results for a client with chronic renal failure. The GFR value is 50 mL/min/1.73m². How should the nurse interpret this result?

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