A nurse is assessing a client with chronic renal failure. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse recognize as a common early symptom of kidney dysfunction?

A. Incorrect. Encouraging the client to drink more fluids may not immediately resolve the cloudy dialysate drainage. The nurse needs to assess the client's dialysis technique and the potential cause of the cloudiness.

B. Incorrect. Administering intravenous antibiotics is not the initial intervention for cloudy dialysate drainage. First, the nurse should assess the client's technique and position during dialysis.

C. Correct. Cloudy dialysate drainage may indicate improper dialysate exchange, infection, or other complications. The

nurse should first assess the client's dialysis technique and ensure proper positioning to identify the cause.

D. Incorrect. Discontinuing peritoneal dialysis should be considered if there is clear evidence of infection or other serious complications, but it is not the initial intervention for cloudy drainage without further assessment.

A. Correct. Increased blood pressure readings can be an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload in clients with chronic renal failure. Fluid retention can lead to hypertension as the kidneys struggle to excrete excess fluids.

B. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia may occur in chronic renal failure, but it is not an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload.

C. Incorrect. Dry and cracked skin is more commonly associated with dehydration rather than fluid overload.

D. Incorrect. Polyuria is not typically associated with fluid overload. Instead, it may be present in early stages of chronic renal failure due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine properly.