A nurse is reviewing the GFR calculation for a client with chronic renal failure. The client's serum creatinine level is 2.5 mg/dL. What should the nurse do next?

Convert the creatinine level to micromoles per liter (μmol/L).

Obtain a 24-hour urine sample for creatinine clearance measurement.

Calculate the client's body surface area to adjust the GFR calculation.

Plug the creatinine level into the appropriate GFR formula.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Incorrect. Converting the creatinine level to micromoles per liter is not necessary for the GFR calculation.

B. Incorrect. While a 24-hour urine sample can be used to measure creatinine clearance, it is not required for the GFR calculation, which can be estimated using formulas.

C. Incorrect. Calculating the body surface area is not necessary for the GFR calculation.

D. Correct. The GFR can be estimated using formulas that include the serum creatinine level, such as the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD. formula or the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Diabetes is strongly associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. Chronic kidney disease related to diabetes is known as diabetic nephropathy.

B. Correct. Diabetes is a leading cause of chronic renal failure. Uncontrolled high blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time, leading to kidney disease.

C. Incorrect. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. It is essential for individuals with either type of diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels to reduce the risk of kidney complications.

D. Incorrect. Chronic renal failure can be caused by various factors, but diabetes is a significant and common cause of kidney disease, especially in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hyperphosphatemia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia, or high potassium levels, can cause muscle weakness and potentially cardiac arrhythmias, but it is not typically associated with difficulty concentrating or irritability.

B. Incorrect. Hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion and headache, but it is not typically associated with muscle cramps.

C. Incorrect. Hypocalcemia, or low calcium levels, can cause muscle cramps and neurological symptoms, but it is not specifically associated with difficulty concentrating and irritability.

D. Correct. Hyperphosphatemia, or high phosphorus levels, is common in chronic renal failure due to impaired kidney function. Elevated phosphorus levels can lead to the binding of calcium, resulting in decreased ionized calcium in the blood. This can cause neuromuscular irritability, difficulty concentrating, and muscle cramps.

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A nurse is reviewing the GFR calculation for a client with chronic renal failure. The client's serum creatinine level is 2.5 mg/dL. What should the nurse do next?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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