A client with chronic renal failure presents with difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscle cramps. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect as the cause of these symptoms?

Hyperkalemia

Hyponatremia

Hypocalcemia

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia, or high potassium levels, can cause muscle weakness and potentially cardiac arrhythmias, but it is not typically associated with difficulty concentrating or irritability.

B. Incorrect. Hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion and headache, but it is not typically associated with muscle cramps.

C. Incorrect. Hypocalcemia, or low calcium levels, can cause muscle cramps and neurological symptoms, but it is not specifically associated with difficulty concentrating and irritability.

D. Correct. Hyperphosphatemia, or high phosphorus levels, is common in chronic renal failure due to impaired kidney function. Elevated phosphorus levels can lead to the binding of calcium, resulting in decreased ionized calcium in the blood. This can cause neuromuscular irritability, difficulty concentrating, and muscle cramps.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Applying a heating pad may provide temporary relief for muscle cramps, but it does not address the underlying cause.

B. Correct. Muscle cramps in clients with chronic renal failure can be caused by dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Encouraging the client to increase fluid intake can help alleviate muscle cramps and maintain adequate hydration.

C. Incorrect. While calcium supplements may be prescribed in certain situations, they are not the first-line intervention for muscle cramps in chronic renal failure.

D. Incorrect. Educating the client about potassium-rich foods is important for managing potassium levels, but it is not the priority in this situation. Muscle cramps are more likely related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances rather than potassium intake.

A. Hyperthyroidism B. Peptic ulcer disease C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD. D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Hyperthyroidism is not a known risk factor for chronic renal failure. However, uncontrolled thyroid disease may contribute to cardiovascular issues that can impact kidney health.

B. Incorrect. Peptic ulcer disease is not a risk factor for chronic renal failure.

C. Incorrect. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD. is not directly associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. However, chronic illnesses can place additional stress on the kidneys over time.

D. Correct. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for chronic renal failure. Long-term uncontrolled hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease.

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A client with chronic renal failure presents with difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscle cramps. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect as the cause of these symptoms?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. The client reports experiencing muscle cramps. What is the nurse's best action?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client's risk factors for chronic renal failure. Which medical condition should the nurse recognize as a significant risk factor for kidney disease?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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