A nurse is assessing a client's risk factors for chronic renal failure. Which medical condition should the nurse recognize as a significant risk factor for kidney disease?

A. Correct. Increased blood pressure readings can be an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload in clients with chronic renal failure. Fluid retention can lead to hypertension as the kidneys struggle to excrete excess fluids.

B. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia may occur in chronic renal failure, but it is not an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload.

C. Incorrect. Dry and cracked skin is more commonly associated with dehydration rather than fluid overload.

D. Incorrect. Polyuria is not typically associated with fluid overload. Instead, it may be present in early stages of chronic renal failure due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine properly.

A. Correct. Fatigue and weakness are early clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure, often due to anemia and the accumulation of waste products in the blood.

B. Incorrect. Hematuria may be present in some cases of kidney dysfunction, but it is not typically an early symptom of chronic renal failure.

C. Incorrect. Shortness of breath and chest pain are more likely to be associated with fluid overload or cardiac issues, which may occur in advanced stages of chronic renal failure.

D. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia is a complication of chronic renal failure but may not be an early clinical manifestation. It is more likely to occur as kidney function declines and potassium excretion becomes impaired.