A client with Eczema asks, "What can be done to treat this condition?" What treatment options should the nurse discuss with the client?

Choice A rationale:

"Eczema is mainly a result of overactive mast cells." This statement is not entirely accurate.

While mast cells and their release of histamines play a role in eczema symptoms, the pathophysiology of eczema is more complex.

It involves not only mast cell activation but also abnormalities in the skin barrier and immune system response.

Choice B rationale:

"It's due to a healthy skin barrier preventing allergens." This statement is not accurate.

In eczema, there is a dysfunction in the skin barrier, which allows allergens and irritants to penetrate more easily.

A healthy skin barrier is supposed to provide protection against these environmental factors.

Choice C rationale:

"Eczema involves an abnormal immune response and skin barrier dysfunction." This statement is accurate.

Eczema is characterized by both an abnormal immune response and dysfunction in the skin barrier.

The immune system reacts excessively to environmental triggers, leading to inflammation and the classic symptoms of eczema, such as redness, itching, and dry skin.

Choice D rationale:

"The primary cause of Eczema is excessive water retention in the skin." This statement is not accurate.

Eczema is not primarily caused by excessive water retention in the skin.

In fact, the skin barrier dysfunction in eczema can lead to increased loss of moisture from the skin, contributing to dryness and exacerbating symptoms.

Choice A rationale:

Corticosteroids are not suitable for sensitive areas such as the face and genital area, as they can cause thinning of the skin and other adverse effects.

They are more appropriate for less sensitive areas of the body.

Choice B rationale:

Emollients are moisturizing agents and are not specific medications for eczema.

While they can help with dryness and skin hydration, they may not be sufficient for managing the inflammation and itching associated with eczema on sensitive areas like the face and genital area.

Choice C rationale:

Immunosuppressants are typically reserved for severe cases of eczema and are not the first-line treatment for sensitive areas.

They come with potential side effects and should only be used when other treatments are not effective.

Choice D rationale:

This is the correct answer.

Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, are topical medications that can be suggested for sensitive areas like the face and genital area where corticosteroids may be less tolerated.

They are effective in reducing inflammation and itching and are considered a suitable alternative for these areas.