A client with venous insufficiency is instructed to exercise, apply elastic stockings, and elevate the extremities. Which is the primary benefit for this nursing management regimen

Strengthen venous valves

Improve venous return

Improve arterial flow

Increase venous congestion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Strengthen venous valves: Damaged or weakened venous valves cannot be physically strengthened through exercise or compression. Management focuses on symptom relief and preventing progression rather than structural repair.
B. Improve venous return: Exercise, elevation, and compression stockings all assist in promoting blood flow back to the heart. These measures reduce venous stasis and swelling, improving circulation in clients with venous insufficiency.
C. Improve arterial flow: This regimen targets the venous system rather than arterial circulation. Arterial flow is typically addressed through interventions like vasodilators, smoking cessation, and walking programs for peripheral artery disease.
D. Increase venous congestion: This regimen is designed to reduce, not increase, venous congestion. Elevation and compression help counteract pooling of blood in the lower extremities, a hallmark of venous insufficiency.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The valve is prone to calcification: Mechanical valves resist calcification due to their synthetic composition. Calcification is more common in bio-prosthetic valves which degrade over time under pressure.
B. The client will require anticoagulation: Mechanical valves create turbulent blood flow and have a high risk of clot formation. Long-term anticoagulation therapy, typically with warfarin, is necessary to prevent thromboembolic complications such as stroke.
C. The valve should last for 10 to 15 years: Mechanical valves generally have excellent durability and often last over 20 years. This longevity makes them suitable for younger clients who can tolerate long-term anticoagulation therapy.
D. There is a low potential for thrombi formations so anticoagulation is not necessary:
Mechanical valve surfaces are highly thrombogenic and significantly elevate the risk for clot formation. Ongoing anticoagulation is a standard and essential component of postoperative care.

A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Metabolic acidosis C. Respiratory alkalosis D. Respiratory acidosis

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition results from excess bicarbonate or loss of acids through vomiting or diuretics. It is not associated with rapid, shallow breathing, especially in the early phase of heart failure.
B. Metabolic acidosis: Typically seen in states of increased acid production or bicarbonate loss, such as in renal failure or diarrhea. It is not the expected initial response to hyperventilation caused by early heart failure.
C. Respiratory alkalosis: Rapid, shallow breathing (tachypnea) leads to excessive exhalation of CO₂, resulting in decreased carbonic acid and increased blood pH. This is the typical early blood gas finding in acute heart failure due to hypoxia-driven hyperventilation.
D. Respiratory acidosis: This occurs when CO₂ is retained due to hypoventilation. Since the client is hyperventilating rather than hypoventilating, respiratory acidosis would not be present initially.

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A client with venous insufficiency is instructed to exercise, apply elastic stockings, and elevate the extremities. Which is the primary benefit for this nursing management regimen

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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