A client with ongoing back pain, nausea, and abdominal bloating has been diagnosed with cholecystitis secondary to gallstones. The nurse should anticipate that the client will undergo which preferred treatment?

Intracorporeal lithotripsy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) infusion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: This is not a correct answer because intracorporeal lithotripsy is a procedure that uses a laser or an ultrasonic probe to break up gallstones inside the gallbladder or the bile ducts. It is not a preferred treatment for cholecystitis, as it does not remove the inflamed gallbladder.

Choice B reason: This is a correct answer because laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgery that removes the gallbladder through small incisions in the abdomen. It is the preferred treatment for cholecystitis, as it eliminates the source of inflammation and prevents further complications.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct answer because extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure that uses shock waves to break up gallstones outside the body. It is not a preferred treatment for cholecystitis, as it does not remove the inflamed gallbladder and may not be effective for all types of gallstones.

Choice D reason: This is not a correct answer because methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) infusion is a procedure that uses a chemical solvent to dissolve gallstones inside the gallbladder. It is not a preferred treatment for cholecystitis, as it does not remove the inflamed gallbladder and may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and liver damage.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a correct finding for hypovolemia. Peripheral edema is the swelling of the extremities due to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces. It is a sign of fluid volume excess, not fluid volume deficit.

Choice B reason: This is not a correct finding for hypovolemia. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute. It is not a typical sign of fluid volume deficit, as the heart rate usually increases to compensate for the low blood pressure and low cardiac output.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct finding for hypovolemia. Hypertension is a high blood pressure, usually above 140/90 mmHg. It is not a typical sign of fluid volume deficit, as the blood pressure usually decreases due to the reduced blood volume and vascular resistance.

Choice D reason: This is a correct finding for hypovolemia. Decreased urine output is a sign of fluid volume deficit, as the kidneys try to conserve water and electrolytes by reducing the urine production. The normal urine output is about 30 mL per hour, and anything below 20 mL per hour is considered oliguria, which indicates impaired renal function.

A. 0.9% Sodium Chloride B. Lactated Ringer's C. D5W (5% Dextrose in Water) D. 0.45% Sodium Chloride

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a correct answer because 0.9% Sodium Chloride is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as the blood plasma. It does not cause any fluid shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Choice B reason: This is not a correct answer because Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as the blood plasma. It does not cause any fluid shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct answer because D5W (5% Dextrose in Water) is an isotonic solution when it is in the IV bag, but it becomes hypotonic once it enters the body, as the dextrose is rapidly metabolized and only water remains. However, it is not a preferred solution for a patient with critically high sodium, as it can cause cerebral edema and worsen the neurological status.

Choice D reason: This is a correct answer because 0.45% Sodium Chloride is a hypotonic solution, which means it has a lower osmolarity than the blood plasma. It causes fluid to shift from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment, which can help lower the sodium level and correct the fluid imbalance.

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A client with ongoing back pain, nausea, and abdominal bloating has been diagnosed with cholecystitis secondary to gallstones. The nurse should anticipate that the client will undergo which preferred treatment?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypovolemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is to administer a hypotonic solution to a patient with a critically high sodium. Which solution is hypotonic?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing a client with suspected fluid volume overload. Which finding requires further action?

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The nurse is providing care for a client with a fluid imbalance. The nurse explains that in the body, areas with high concentration of solutes naturally and passively shift to areas of lower concentration. The nurse is describing which process?

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A nurse is assessing four female clients for obesity. Which of the following clients have manifestations of obesity?

A nurse is assisting with serving dinner trays on the unit. Upon receiving the dinner tray for a client admitted with acute gallbladder inflammation, the nurse will question which of the following foods on the tray?