A client with seasonal allergies takes diphenhydramine at bedtime to help their symptoms. The client develops low hemoglobin low white blood cell counts which is otherwise unexplained. What type of reaction is the client experiencing?
Hypersensitivity reaction
Paradoxical reaction
Idiosyncratic reaction
Anti-cholinergic reaction
The Correct Answer is C
A) Hypersensitivity reaction: A hypersensitivity reaction typically involves an immune response where the body reacts to a substance as if it were harmful, leading to symptoms like rashes, swelling, or difficulty breathing. However, low hemoglobin and low white blood cell counts are not typical signs of a hypersensitivity reaction. This would involve more common allergic symptoms like itching or swelling, rather than hematologic changes.
B) Paradoxical reaction: A paradoxical reaction refers to when a medication causes an effect opposite to the expected result. For example, a sedative causing agitation instead of sleepiness. While a paradoxical reaction can involve unexpected effects, the hematologic changes (low hemoglobin and white blood cell counts) in this scenario do not align with this type of response.
C) Idiosyncratic reaction: An idiosyncratic reaction is an unusual or unexpected response to
a medication that is not related to the drug's pharmacologic properties or the dose given. It may be related to genetic factors or other individual differences in how a person metabolizes or responds to the drug. The low hemoglobin and low white blood cell counts in this case are unusual effects of diphenhydramine and suggest an idiosyncratic response, where the client’s body is reacting in an unexpected way to the medication.
D) Anti-cholinergic reaction: Anti-cholinergic reactions are typically related to symptoms caused by the blocking of acetylcholine, such as dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, or constipation. While diphenhydramine has anti-cholinergic properties, the symptoms described (low hemoglobin and white blood cell counts) are not typical of an anti-cholinergic reaction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) 1 x soft bowel movement: This is the correct answer. Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative that helps to relieve constipation by absorbing water into the stool, making it easier to pass. A therapeutic effect of psyllium would be the client experiencing a soft bowel movement, indicating the medication has helped to regulate the client's bowel movements and relieve constipation.
B) Gastric pH 2 (Normal pH: 1-4): While this is a normal gastric pH range, it is not related to the therapeutic effect of psyllium. Psyllium works in the gastrointestinal tract to promote bowel regularity, not to alter gastric pH. The pH measurement of gastric contents is not a relevant indicator of the medication's effectiveness.
C) 500 ml of urine output: This finding is not related to the therapeutic effect of psyllium. Psyllium is intended to address bowel function, not urine output. Adequate urine output should be monitored, but it is not the expected outcome for a patient taking psyllium.
D) Blood glucose: 95 (Normal Fasting Blood Glucose: 60-120): While a normal blood glucose level is important, it is not relevant to the action of psyllium. Psyllium does not have a direct effect on blood glucose levels, so a normal blood glucose result is not indicative of a therapeutic effect of the medication.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) This medication neutralizes gastric acid in the stomach by direct contact: Sucralfate does not neutralize gastric acid. Instead, it works by forming a protective barrier over the ulcer, which helps protect it from further damage by stomach acid and promotes healing. Sucralfate is a mucosal protectant, not an acid-neutralizing agent.
B) "You should take this medication after meals to help limit gastric acid secretion": Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach, typically 30 minutes to 1 hour before meals, to allow it to form an effective protective barrier over the ulcer. Taking it after meals would interfere with its action and effectiveness.
C) "This medication decreases gastric acid production by blocking histamine 2 receptors": Sucralfate does not work by blocking histamine 2 receptors. Histamine 2 receptor antagonists, such as ranitidine, work by reducing gastric acid secretion. Sucralfate works by coating and protecting the ulcer rather than by reducing acid production.
D) "You should take this medication 30 minutes to 1 hour before meals and at bedtime": Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach, typically 30 minutes to 1 hour before meals and at bedtime. This timing ensures that the medication can form an effective barrier over the ulcer before food intake and helps maximize its healing properties.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.