A clinical instructor is reviewing the abdominal assessment with a group of students.
She would include which of the following three percussion sounds the nurse would expect to hear? (Select 3 options)

Choice A rationale

Normoactive bowel sounds are the typical, intermittent gurgling sounds heard during a bowel assessment, indicating normal peristalsis and intestinal activity. The absence of any sounds for 30 seconds suggests a significant reduction or cessation of this activity, which is not consistent with normoactive findings.

Choice B rationale

Hypoactive bowel sounds are characterized by infrequent and faint gurgling sounds, indicating a decrease in intestinal motility. While a pause of 30 seconds without any sounds might precede hypoactive sounds, the complete absence of sounds for this duration is more indicative of a further reduction in bowel activity than simply hypoactivity.

Choice C rationale

Absent bowel sounds are documented when no bowel sounds are heard after listening in each of the four abdominal quadrants for a specified period, typically ranging from 2 to 5 minutes per quadrant. A 30-second period without any sounds in one area is a significant finding that should be documented as absent in that specific quadrant, warranting further assessment.

Choice D rationale

Hyperactive bowel sounds are loud, high-pitched, and frequent gurgling sounds, often described as "borborygmi" or stomach rumbling. These sounds indicate increased intestinal motility, which is the opposite of the finding of no bowel sounds for 30 seconds.

Choice A rationale

Chicken is poultry, and a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet excludes all meat, poultry, and fish. Grilled eggplant and cheese are acceptable as they are vegetables and dairy products, respectively. However, the presence of chicken makes this choice incorrect for a lacto-ovo vegetarian.

Choice B rationale

Boiled eggs are permitted in a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet as it includes eggs and dairy. Chocolate milk is also allowed as it is a dairy product. This choice aligns with the definition of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, which includes dairy and eggs but excludes meat, poultry, and fish.

Choice C rationale

Oysters are shellfish, and turkey is poultry, both of which are excluded from a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. Yogurt is a dairy product and is acceptable. The inclusion of oysters and turkey makes this choice incorrect.

Choice D rationale

Fish is not allowed in a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. Milk is a dairy product and is acceptable. Poached eggs are also permitted. The presence of fish makes this choice incorrect.