A nurse is responding to a 54-year-old patient who does not perform monthly breast self-examination (BSE) because she believes mammograms are better at finding lumps.
What would the nurse include in the response?

"You are correct; mammography is a good replacement for BSEs.”.

"You do not need to perform BSEs as long as a physician checks your breast annually.”.

"While mammograms are effective, BSEs can help you become familiar with your breasts and notice changes between mammograms.”.

"Mammograms are the only reliable way to detect breast cancer, so BSEs are unnecessary.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

While mammography is a crucial tool for detecting breast cancer, particularly in women over 40, it is not a replacement for breast self-examination (BSE). Mammograms are radiographic images that can detect abnormalities, but BSE helps women become familiar with their own breasts and identify changes that may occur between mammograms.

Choice B rationale

Although annual clinical breast exams by a physician are important, they are not a substitute for monthly BSE. BSE allows women to regularly assess their breasts for any new lumps, changes in size or shape, skin thickening, or nipple discharge. These changes might occur between annual physician visits.

Choice C rationale

Mammograms are indeed effective in detecting breast cancer, often before a lump can be felt. However, BSE plays a vital role in increasing a woman's awareness of her breasts' normal texture and appearance. This familiarity enables her to notice subtle changes that may warrant further medical evaluation, complementing the benefits of mammography.

Choice D rationale

Mammograms are a highly reliable method for detecting breast cancer, especially in early stages. However, BSE is not unnecessary. It empowers women to take an active role in their breast health by promoting early detection of changes that might be indicative of cancer and can occur between scheduled mammograms.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Green leafy vegetables are excellent sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which are crucial for overall health during breastfeeding. However, they are not primary sources of complete protein, which contains all nine essential amino acids needed for milk production and maternal tissue repair.

Choice B rationale

Citrus fruits and juices are rich in vitamin C and provide hydration, which are important during breastfeeding. However, they are primarily sources of carbohydrates and micronutrients and do not offer significant amounts of protein necessary for increased protein intake during lactation.

Choice C rationale

White bread, rice, and potatoes are primarily sources of carbohydrates, providing energy. While they contribute to the overall caloric intake needed during breastfeeding, they are low in protein and do not offer the essential amino acids required in higher amounts for milk production and maternal needs.

Choice D rationale

Nuts, turkey breast, and lean meats are excellent sources of complete protein, providing all the essential amino acids required by a breastfeeding mother and her infant. These foods support milk production, tissue repair, and overall nutritional needs during lactation, making them healthy choices for increasing protein intake.

A. Explain to the patient where items are located on the plate according to the hours on a clock. B. Encourage eating one food at a time according to the preferences of the patient. C. Order finger foods that are permitted on the patient's diet. D. Feed the patient the prescribed meal.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Explaining the location of food items on the plate using the clock face analogy (e.g., "your meat is at 12 o'clock, your vegetables are at 3 o'clock") provides a consistent and easily understandable spatial reference for a visually impaired patient. This method allows the patient to independently locate and access different food items, promoting autonomy during meals.

Choice B rationale

Encouraging eating one food at a time based on preference does not directly address the challenge of navigating the plate when blind. While respecting preferences is important, it doesn't provide a systematic way for the patient to know where each food item is located.

Choice C rationale

Ordering finger foods might seem helpful, but it limits the variety and nutritional balance of the patient's diet. Not all foods can be easily eaten with fingers, and this approach does not promote independence in eating a regular meal.

Choice D rationale

Feeding the patient completely removes their independence and can be disempowering. The goal is to assist the patient in maintaining as much autonomy as possible, and explaining food placement allows them to eat independently.

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A nurse is responding to a 54-year-old patient who does not perform monthly breast self-examination (BSE) because she believes mammograms are better at finding lumps.What would the nurse include in the response?

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A nurse is responding to a 54-year-old patient who does not perform monthly breast self-examination (BSE) because she believes mammograms are better at finding lumps.
What would the nurse include in the response?