A nurse is responding to a 54-year-old patient who does not perform monthly breast self-examination (BSE) because she believes mammograms are better at finding lumps.
What would the nurse include in the response?
"You are correct; mammography is a good replacement for BSEs.”.
"You do not need to perform BSEs as long as a physician checks your breast annually.”.
"While mammograms are effective, BSEs can help you become familiar with your breasts and notice changes between mammograms.”.
"Mammograms are the only reliable way to detect breast cancer, so BSEs are unnecessary.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
While mammography is a crucial tool for detecting breast cancer, particularly in women over 40, it is not a replacement for breast self-examination (BSE). Mammograms are radiographic images that can detect abnormalities, but BSE helps women become familiar with their own breasts and identify changes that may occur between mammograms.
Choice B rationale
Although annual clinical breast exams by a physician are important, they are not a substitute for monthly BSE. BSE allows women to regularly assess their breasts for any new lumps, changes in size or shape, skin thickening, or nipple discharge. These changes might occur between annual physician visits.
Choice C rationale
Mammograms are indeed effective in detecting breast cancer, often before a lump can be felt. However, BSE plays a vital role in increasing a woman's awareness of her breasts' normal texture and appearance. This familiarity enables her to notice subtle changes that may warrant further medical evaluation, complementing the benefits of mammography.
Choice D rationale
Mammograms are a highly reliable method for detecting breast cancer, especially in early stages. However, BSE is not unnecessary. It empowers women to take an active role in their breast health by promoting early detection of changes that might be indicative of cancer and can occur between scheduled mammograms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Breathing in and out normally does not protect the airway during nasogastric tube removal. The risk of aspiration is present as the tube is withdrawn, and normal breathing does not actively close off the trachea.
Choice B rationale
Taking a deep breath and coughing can help to clear the airway after the tube is removed but does not directly aid in preventing aspiration during the removal process itself. Coughing expels material from the lungs and throat.
Choice C rationale
Holding her breath during nasogastric tube removal helps to close the epiglottis, which covers the trachea. This action minimizes the risk of aspiration of any residual secretions or reflux that might occur as the tube is being withdrawn.
Choice D rationale
Bearing down, or performing the Valsalva maneuver, increases intra-abdominal pressure and is typically used to stimulate a bowel movement. It is not relevant to protecting the airway during nasogastric tube removal and could potentially increase the risk of reflux.
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Vanilla pudding is often restricted in dysphagia diets due to its smooth, slippery texture, which can be difficult to control in the oral cavity and increases the risk of aspiration into the airway. Individuals with dysphagia may have impaired swallowing mechanisms, making thin, liquid-like consistencies particularly hazardous.
Choice B rationale
Cranberry juice is a thin liquid and poses a significant aspiration risk for a patient with dysphagia. Thin liquids are difficult to manage in the mouth and throat, increasing the likelihood of the liquid entering the trachea instead of the esophagus. Patients with swallowing difficulties often require thickened liquids to improve bolus control.
Choice C rationale
Beef broth is a clear liquid and, similar to cranberry juice, presents a high risk of aspiration for a patient with dysphagia. Its thin consistency makes it challenging for individuals with impaired swallowing to control its movement, potentially leading to it entering the airway and causing respiratory complications.
Choice D rationale
Orange gelatin, while seemingly semi-solid, often melts into a thin liquid in the mouth due to body temperature. This change in consistency makes it difficult to control and increases the risk of aspiration in patients with dysphagia. Gelatin's slippery texture further compounds this risk.
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