A community health nurse is assessing a group of clients for risk factors for hepatitis A infection. Which of the following findings place a client an increased risk?

Receives hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease

Cares for infants at a day care center

Immigrated to the US, as a young adolescent

Reports prior IV drug use as an adolescent

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Receives hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease: Hemodialysis increases the risk for hepatitis B and C due to potential exposure to contaminated blood or equipment, but it is not a primary risk factor for hepatitis A, which is spread via the fecal-oral route.

B. Cares for infants at a day care center: Day care workers are at increased risk for hepatitis A due to frequent exposure to fecal matter, especially when caring for diapered children who may be asymptomatic carriers of the virus.

C. Immigrated to the US, as a young adolescent: While certain countries have higher rates of hepatitis A, immigration alone does not inherently increase risk unless the person was exposed to poor sanitation or contaminated food or water before moving.

D. Reports prior IV drug use as an adolescent: IV drug use is a well-known risk factor for hepatitis B and C due to bloodborne transmission, but it is less commonly associated with hepatitis A, which is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.

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Correct Answer is ["C","E"]

Explanation

A. A red light kept on in the bedroom at night can provide low-level illumination that helps prevent falls during nighttime bathroom trips. This is generally considered a safe practice and can improve visibility without disrupting sleep significantly.

B. Carpeted floors provide a softer surface that can reduce the risk of injury from falls, especially for older adults. Carpet also helps prevent slipping compared to hard, smooth floors, making it a positive safety feature in the home.

C. A water heater set at 54.4° C (130° F) poses a scalding risk, especially for older adults or clients with decreased sensation. The recommended safe temperature to prevent burns is 49° C (120° F) or lower. The nurse should recommend lowering the temperature to reduce injury risk.

D. A rubber-backed bath mat outside the shower increases traction on wet floors and helps prevent slipping. This is an important safety measure in bathrooms, which are common sites for falls.

E. An extension cord stretched across the floor creates a significant tripping hazard. The nurse should recommend removing or repositioning the cord to eliminate this risk and improve home safety.

A. Deciding when to transport residents who are symptomatic to an urgent care center B. Deciding which workers will wear the limited personal protective equipment available C. Determining the arrangement of residents within the shelter to prevent spread of infection D. Determining how to keep meals warm when serving each of the homeless shelter residents

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Deciding when to transport residents who are symptomatic to an urgent care center: This decision involves clinical judgment and prioritization based on symptoms and urgency. While challenging, it follows standard nursing protocols and is not typically considered an ethical dilemma unless resources are severely limited.

B. Deciding which workers will wear the limited personal protective equipment available: This presents an ethical dilemma because the nurse must balance staff safety, fairness, and duty to care amid limited resources. The difficult decision may place some staff at greater risk, raising concerns about justice, equity, and ethical responsibility.

C. Determining the arrangement of residents within the shelter to prevent spread of infection: While this requires logistical planning and public health knowledge, it generally does not involve conflicting moral principles. The focus is on infection control and best practices for spatial distancing to reduce disease transmission.

D. Determining how to keep meals warm when serving each of the homeless shelter residents: This is a practical challenge involving meal service logistics and client satisfaction but does not involve conflicting ethical principles or significant risks to health or well-being.

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A community health nurse is assessing a group of clients for risk factors for hepatitis A infection. Which of the following findings place a client an increased risk?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["C","E"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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