A community health nurse is assessing a group of clients for risk factors for hepatitis A infection. Which of the following findings place a client an increased risk?

Receives hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease

Cares for infants at a day care center

Immigrated to the US, as a young adolescent

Reports prior IV drug use as an adolescent

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Receives hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease: Hemodialysis increases the risk for hepatitis B and C due to potential exposure to contaminated blood or equipment, but it is not a primary risk factor for hepatitis A, which is spread via the fecal-oral route.

B. Cares for infants at a day care center: Day care workers are at increased risk for hepatitis A due to frequent exposure to fecal matter, especially when caring for diapered children who may be asymptomatic carriers of the virus.

C. Immigrated to the US, as a young adolescent: While certain countries have higher rates of hepatitis A, immigration alone does not inherently increase risk unless the person was exposed to poor sanitation or contaminated food or water before moving.

D. Reports prior IV drug use as an adolescent: IV drug use is a well-known risk factor for hepatitis B and C due to bloodborne transmission, but it is less commonly associated with hepatitis A, which is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Living in a long-term care facility increases the risk for tuberculosis due to close living quarters, which facilitate airborne transmission. Older adults in these facilities may also have weakened immune systems, further elevating their susceptibility to TB infection.

B. TB treatment typically lasts 6 to 12 months, depending on the case, not a lifetime. Lifelong medication is not required unless the individual has a chronic, drug-resistant form, which is uncommon. Adherence to the full treatment course is key to curing TB.

C. Tuberculosis is not spread through direct contact. It is an airborne disease transmitted when a person inhales droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, particularly in enclosed or poorly ventilated environments.

D. A Mantoux skin test identifies TB exposure but does not confirm active disease. A positive result requires further evaluation with a chest x-ray and possibly sputum testing to diagnose active tuberculosis infection.

A. Disregard differences in the nurse's and clients' beliefs. B. Reassess the social demographics of the faith community. C. Apply objective measurements for the outcomes. D. Provide programs without an emphasis on spiritual care.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Disregard differences in the nurse's and clients' beliefs: Ignoring differences in beliefs can create barriers to effective spiritual care and decrease client engagement. Understanding and respecting clients' beliefs is essential for meaningful outcomes.

B. Reassess the social demographics of the faith community: If outcomes are not met, it’s important to review characteristics like age, culture, language, and spiritual needs of the community. This helps tailor the program to better fit the population and increase its relevance and effectiveness.

C. Apply objective measurements for the outcomes: While measuring outcomes is important, if initial goals were not achieved, reassessment of the community context is necessary before changing measurement methods.

D. Provide programs without an emphasis on spiritual care: Removing spiritual care defeats the purpose of the program and may decrease client satisfaction and holistic support. Instead, adaptations should enhance relevance, not eliminate focus.

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A community health nurse is assessing a group of clients for risk factors for hepatitis A infection. Which of the following findings place a client an increased risk?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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