A community health nurse is assessing a group of clients for risk factors for hepatitis A infection. Which of the following findings place a client an increased risk?
Receives hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease
Cares for infants at a day care center
Immigrated to the US, as a young adolescent
Reports prior IV drug use as an adolescent
The Correct Answer is B
A. Receives hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease: Hemodialysis increases the risk for hepatitis B and C due to potential exposure to contaminated blood or equipment, but it is not a primary risk factor for hepatitis A, which is spread via the fecal-oral route.
B. Cares for infants at a day care center: Day care workers are at increased risk for hepatitis A due to frequent exposure to fecal matter, especially when caring for diapered children who may be asymptomatic carriers of the virus.
C. Immigrated to the US, as a young adolescent: While certain countries have higher rates of hepatitis A, immigration alone does not inherently increase risk unless the person was exposed to poor sanitation or contaminated food or water before moving.
D. Reports prior IV drug use as an adolescent: IV drug use is a well-known risk factor for hepatitis B and C due to bloodborne transmission, but it is less commonly associated with hepatitis A, which is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Develop content appropriate to learner needs: Developing content is a subsequent step. To create truly appropriate content, the nurse first needs to understand what the target audience (young adults) already knows, what their misconceptions are, and what specific information they need and are interested in.
B. Arrange for computer-assisted learning: This is a strategy for delivering the education but not the first step. It should come after identifying learner needs and planning content accordingly to ensure effectiveness.
C. Collect data to identify learners' current knowledge base: This is the first and most critical step. A needs assessment allows the nurse to tailor the program to the audience’s existing knowledge, misconceptions, and educational requirements, ensuring that the intervention is relevant and impactful.
D. Identify topics with health department nurses: Consulting other professionals is helpful, but the initial step should focus directly on the target learners to ensure the program meets their specific needs.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Engage neighborhood families to monitor the playground for further trash buildup: While community involvement is valuable, monitoring alone does not address the immediate sanitation concern. Engagement is more effective after assessing and planning with the community.
B. Meet with community members to discuss methods of playground maintenance: The first step is to involve the community in identifying concerns and generating solutions. This approach promotes shared ownership, sustainability, and relevance of any interventions.
C. Partner city officials with community members to improve the playground's condition: Collaboration with city officials is important, but it should follow initial discussions with the community to ensure their input and priorities are represented in any formal partnerships.
D. Work with local businesses to sponsor more trash receptacles in the playground: Providing trash receptacles is a practical solution, but it does not address the root causes or promote sustained behavior change without community buy-in and shared planning.
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