A home health nurse is caring for a client who is receiving antibiotics via a central venous access device (CVAD). Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent infection?
Instruct the client to change the end caps of the CVAD daily.
Use clean technique when administering medication.
Clean blood spills on hard surfaces with isopropyl alcohol
Use disposable equipment whenever possible.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Instruct the client to change the end caps of the CVAD daily: Changing the end caps daily is not recommended because frequent manipulation can increase the risk of contamination. End caps should be changed per agency protocol or when visibly soiled or compromised.
B. Use clean technique when administering medication: Medication administration through a CVAD requires sterile technique—not just clean technique—to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into the bloodstream, which can lead to sepsis.
C. Clean blood spills on hard surfaces with isopropyl alcohol: While isopropyl alcohol is useful for small disinfectant tasks, blood spills should be cleaned with a disinfectant effective against bloodborne pathogens, such as a bleach-based solution, to ensure complete decontamination.
D. Use disposable equipment whenever possible: Using disposable equipment minimizes cross-contamination and is a key strategy in preventing healthcare-associated infections. This is particularly important in home care settings where sterilization capabilities are limited.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Receives hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease: Hemodialysis increases the risk for hepatitis B and C due to potential exposure to contaminated blood or equipment, but it is not a primary risk factor for hepatitis A, which is spread via the fecal-oral route.
B. Cares for infants at a day care center: Day care workers are at increased risk for hepatitis A due to frequent exposure to fecal matter, especially when caring for diapered children who may be asymptomatic carriers of the virus.
C. Immigrated to the US, as a young adolescent: While certain countries have higher rates of hepatitis A, immigration alone does not inherently increase risk unless the person was exposed to poor sanitation or contaminated food or water before moving.
D. Reports prior IV drug use as an adolescent: IV drug use is a well-known risk factor for hepatitis B and C due to bloodborne transmission, but it is less commonly associated with hepatitis A, which is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Weighing every other day is insufficient for heart failure management. Daily weight monitoring is essential to detect fluid retention early, as even small increases can indicate worsening heart failure and the need for medication adjustment.
B. Walking three or more times a week helps improve cardiovascular health and endurance without overexerting the heart. Regular, moderate exercise is recommended for heart failure clients to support functional status and prevent deconditioning.
C. Drinking 2.5 to 3 liters of water daily can lead to fluid overload in heart failure patients. These clients often require fluid restrictions to prevent worsening symptoms such as edema and shortness of breath due to impaired cardiac function.
D. Including whole milk with each meal increases saturated fat intake, which can worsen heart health. Low-fat dairy options are better suited for individuals with heart failure to manage cholesterol and cardiovascular risk.
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