A family member brought a senior to the clinic. The family member explained to the nurse that the patient suddenly from one day to the other, started with confusion, and agitation. The family states the patient used to be orientated and with very calm behavior. The nurse suspects that this patient is experiencing:

Delirium

Sundowning

Alzheimers

Dementia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Delirium: Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion, agitation, and fluctuating levels of consciousness. It often develops over a short period, such as hours to days, and is typically associated with an underlying medical condition, medication, or infection. The patient's rapid change from being oriented and calm to confused and agitated suggests a sudden onset, which is indicative of delirium.
B. Sundowning: Sundowning refers to a pattern of increased confusion and agitation that occurs in the late afternoon or evening, primarily in individuals with dementia. While it involves fluctuations in mental status, it does not usually present with a sudden onset of symptoms as described in this case.
C. Alzheimer’s: Alzheimer’s disease is a form of chronic dementia characterized by gradual and progressive cognitive decline over months to years. The sudden onset of confusion and agitation does not align with the gradual progression typical of Alzheimer's disease.
D. Dementia: Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability that affects daily life, usually developing gradually over time. Unlike delirium, dementia does not present with a sudden change in behavior or mental status, making it less likely in this scenario where the change was abrupt.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Angioedema: Angioedema is characterized by deep swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, often caused by allergic reactions. It usually affects areas like the lips, eyes, or throat but does not typically present with vesicular eruptions.
B. Actinic cheilitis: Actinic cheilitis results from chronic sun exposure leading to changes in the lips' texture and color. It typically presents as dry, scaly patches or discoloration, not vesicular eruptions.
C. Angular cheilitis: Angular cheilitis involves inflammation and cracking at the corners of the mouth, often due to fungal or bacterial infection. It does not typically present with vesicular eruptions.

D. Herpes simplex: Herpes simplex virus commonly causes vesicular eruptions on the lips and surrounding skin, known as cold sores or fever blisters. These eruptions are characteristic of the herpes simplex infection and align with the description of vesicular eruptions observed in the client.

A. Sigmoid colon B. Appendix C. Right Fallopian Tube D. Ascending Colon E. Right kidney F. Right side of the prostate

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A) Sigmoid colon: The sigmoid colon is located in the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) of the abdomen. Therefore, a bulging area in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) would not be associated with the sigmoid colon.
B) Appendix: The appendix is located in the Right Lower Quadrant and is a common site for abdominal masses, especially in cases of appendicitis. A bulging area in the RLQ could very well be related to issues with the appendix.
C) Right Fallopian Tube: The right fallopian tube is located in the RLQ of the abdomen. Conditions affecting the fallopian tube, such as an ectopic pregnancy or tubo-ovarian abscess, could cause a bulging area in this quadrant.
D) Ascending Colon: The ascending colon is also situated in the RLQ. A mass or bulge in this area could be related to conditions affecting the ascending colon, such as colonic obstruction or tumors.
E) Right kidney: The right kidney is located in the upper abdominal area and is more likely to cause tenderness or discomfort in the upper quadrants rather than a bulging mass in the RLQ.
F) Right side of the prostate: The prostate gland is located in the pelvic area, specifically in the male pelvis, and would not typically be associated with a bulging mass in the RLQ of a female patient.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the physical examination of the mouth, the nurse identifies vesicular eruptions along the client's lips and surrounding skin. The nurse should document which problem?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

During an abdominal examination, the nurse palpates a bulging area in the Right Lower Quadrant of a female patient. The nurse suspects that this mass could be associated with which of the following organs? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

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