A family member brought a senior to the clinic. The family member explained to the nurse that the patient suddenly from one day to the other, started with confusion, and agitation. The family states the patient used to be orientated and with very calm behavior. The nurse suspects that this patient is experiencing:
Delirium
Sundowning
Alzheimers
Dementia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delirium: Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion, agitation, and fluctuating levels of consciousness. It often develops over a short period, such as hours to days, and is typically associated with an underlying medical condition, medication, or infection. The patient's rapid change from being oriented and calm to confused and agitated suggests a sudden onset, which is indicative of delirium.
B. Sundowning: Sundowning refers to a pattern of increased confusion and agitation that occurs in the late afternoon or evening, primarily in individuals with dementia. While it involves fluctuations in mental status, it does not usually present with a sudden onset of symptoms as described in this case.
C. Alzheimer’s: Alzheimer’s disease is a form of chronic dementia characterized by gradual and progressive cognitive decline over months to years. The sudden onset of confusion and agitation does not align with the gradual progression typical of Alzheimer's disease.
D. Dementia: Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability that affects daily life, usually developing gradually over time. Unlike delirium, dementia does not present with a sudden change in behavior or mental status, making it less likely in this scenario where the change was abrupt.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A) Wear socks when walking around the home: Wearing socks, especially if they have smooth soles, can increase the risk of slipping on hard surfaces. Non-slip footwear is recommended for preventing falls. Therefore, recommending socks for walking may not address the safety concerns effectively.
B) Install grab bars in the bathtub: Installing grab bars in the bathtub is a crucial safety measure for preventing falls and providing support for older adults while bathing. This helps reduce the risk of slips and injuries in a common high-risk area for falls.
C) Secure rugs with adhesive tape: Securing rugs with adhesive tape helps prevent them from slipping, which can significantly reduce the risk of tripping and falling. Loose or unsecured rugs are common hazards in the home environment.
D) Use nightlights along stairways and walkways: Using nightlights along stairways and walkways improves visibility and helps prevent falls during the night. Adequate lighting is essential for older adults to navigate their homes safely.
E) Install handrails on both sides of all stairways: Installing handrails on both sides of stairways provides additional support and stability, which is particularly important for older adults to prevent falls while using stairs. This enhancement helps ensure safer navigation of stairs.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A) Trochlear: The trochlear nerve (CN IV) is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle, which helps control the downward and inward movement of the eye.
B) Optic: The optic nerve (CN II) is primarily involved in vision and visual acuity, not in the movement of the eye. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
C) Oculomotor: The oculomotor nerve (CN III) controls most of the extraocular muscles, including those responsible for eye movement (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique) and also controls pupil constriction.
D) Abducens: The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for the outward movement of the eye.
E) Facial: The facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles of facial expression and is not involved in eye movements.
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