A home health nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What is the nurse's action to help ensure successful outcomes of decrease sense of isolation?

Encourage the patient and family to manage the patient's activity level and activities of daily living effectively.

Encourage the patient to express feelings of isolation and loneliness, with the assurance that these feelings are not unique or abnormal.

Encourage the patient and family to be active partners in the management of immunodeficiency.

Make sure that the patient and family know how to adjust dosages of the medications used in treatment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Encourage the patient and family to manage the patient's activity level and activities of daily living effectively: While managing activity levels and daily living tasks is important for overall health and well-being, this action alone may not directly address feelings of isolation experienced by the patient. Encouraging social support and addressing emotional needs are also vital aspects of care for someone with HIV.

B. Encourage the patient to express feelings of isolation and loneliness, with the assurance that these feelings are not unique or abnormal: Patients with HIV often experience feelings of isolation and loneliness due to stigma, fear of rejection, or loss of social support. Encouraging the patient to openly express these feelings can help them feel validated and understood. Assuring them that such feelings are common among individuals with HIV can help reduce their sense of isolation and promote emotional well-being.

C. Encourage the patient and family to be active partners in the management of immunodeficiency: While involving the patient and family in the management of HIV is essential, this action primarily focuses on medical management rather than addressing the psychosocial aspect of isolation. Collaborative care is important, but addressing emotional needs should also be prioritized.

D. Make sure that the patient and family know how to adjust dosages of the medications used in treatment: While medication adherence is crucial in managing HIV, ensuring proper dosage adjustments is primarily a clinical aspect of care. While important, this action alone may not directly address the patient's feelings of isolation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Assess nutritional status with height, weight, blood urea nitrogen, transferrin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit level: This option focuses on assessing the patient's nutritional status, which is important for planning appropriate interventions. However, in a patient presenting with severe diarrhea and vomiting, the priority is to address immediate physiological needs and stabilize the patient's condition before conducting comprehensive assessments. While assessing nutritional status is important for long-term management, it is not the first action the nurse should take in this acute situation.

B. Consult with a dietitian to determine the patient's nutritional needs: Consulting with a dietitian is an important step in addressing the patient's nutritional needs, especially in cases of prolonged diarrhea and vomiting. However, in this scenario, the patient is experiencing severe symptoms that require immediate attention. Before consulting with a dietitian, the nurse should address the patient's acute symptoms and initiate interventions to manage fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

C. Encourage the patient to prepare simple meals or to obtain assistance with meal preparation if possible: This option addresses the immediate need to provide nutritional support to the patient. Encouraging the patient to consume simple, easily digestible meals or to seek assistance with meal preparation helps ensure that the patient receives adequate nutrition despite experiencing symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting. Providing practical advice on meal preparation empowers the patient to take control of their nutritional intake, which can be beneficial in managing symptoms and promoting recovery.

D. Encourage the patient to eat meals with visitors or others when possible: While social support and companionship can have a positive impact on the patient's overall well-being, including their nutritional intake, this option is not the first priority in this scenario. The patient's severe symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting require immediate attention to address fluid and electrolyte imbalances and prevent complications such as dehydration. Once the patient's condition stabilizes, encouraging social interaction during meals can be beneficial for promoting nutritional intake and emotional support.

A. Avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks B. Avoid handling patient's leftover foods C. Have family members get an injection of immunoglobin D. Follow a low-protein, low carbohydrate diet

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks: Avoiding alcohol may be advisable for patients with hepatitis A to prevent additional strain on the liver. However, it is not specifically related to preventing transmission of the infection to others. Therefore, it is not a transmission measure typically included in discharge instructions for the patient's family.

B. Avoid handling patient's leftover foods: Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water. By avoiding handling the patient's leftover foods, the risk of transmitting the virus to family members through contaminated food is minimized. This measure helps prevent the spread of infection within the household.

C. Have family members get an injection of immunoglobulin: Immunoglobulin may be administered to individuals who have been exposed to hepatitis A to provide passive immunity and reduce the severity of the illness. However, this measure is typically recommended for individuals who have not been previously vaccinated against hepatitis A and have been in close contact with an infected person, rather than as a general preventive measure for all family members.

D. Follow a low-protein, low carbohydrate diet: While maintaining a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific dietary recommendation related to protein or carbohydrate intake for patients with hepatitis A. Therefore, this measure is not directly related to preventing transmission of the infection to others and would not typically be included in discharge instructions for the patient's family.

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A home health nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What is the nurse's action to help ensure successful outcomes of decrease sense of isolation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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