A nurse is screening a group of people at a community health event for hypertension. Which patient will the nurse identify is at risk for hypertension?

A 29-year-old female who reports drinking a glass of wine with dinner.

A 35-year-old male who works 50 hours a week.

A 50-year-old male who reports smoking 2 packs of cigarettes a day.

A 30-year-old female with a family history of diabetes mellitus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. A 29-year-old female who reports drinking a glass of wine with dinner: While excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to hypertension, moderate alcohol intake, such as drinking a glass of wine with dinner, is not typically a significant risk factor for hypertension in the absence of other contributing factors. Therefore, this individual may not be considered at high risk for hypertension solely based on this information.

B. A 35-year-old male who works 50 hours a week: While chronic stress from long work hours can potentially contribute to hypertension, working 50 hours a week alone may not be sufficient to significantly increase the risk of hypertension, especially in the absence of other significant risk factors. Therefore, this individual may not be considered at high risk for hypertension solely based on this information.

C. A 50-year-old male who reports smoking 2 packs of cigarettes a day: Smoking is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Nicotine in cigarettes can cause blood vessels to narrow, leading to increased blood pressure. Smoking also damages blood vessel walls, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup and narrowing, further increasing the risk of hypertension. Therefore, this individual is at high risk for hypertension due to their smoking habit.

D. A 30-year-old female with a family history of diabetes mellitus: While a family history of diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of developing hypertension due to shared risk factors such as obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits, it is not as directly associated with hypertension as smoking. Additionally, the individual's age and family history alone may not be sufficient to determine a significant risk for hypertension without additional information about lifestyle and other risk factors.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Injection of drugs:
Hepatitis E is not primarily spread through the injection of drugs. While injection drug use can increase the risk of hepatitis B and C transmission, hepatitis E is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated water or food.

B. Semen:
Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route and is not commonly spread through semen. Sexual transmission of hepatitis E is rare compared to other types of viral hepatitis, and the primary mode of transmission is ingestion of contaminated food or water.

C. Fecal-oral:
The fecal-oral route is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis E. This means that the virus is spread through ingestion of food or water contaminated with fecal matter containing the virus. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices are common risk factors for hepatitis E transmission.

D. Blood:
Unlike hepatitis B and C, hepatitis E is not primarily transmitted through blood exposure. While transmission through blood transfusions or organ transplants has been reported in some cases, the main mode of transmission for hepatitis E is ingestion of contaminated food or water.

A. Avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks B. Avoid handling patient's leftover foods C. Have family members get an injection of immunoglobin D. Follow a low-protein, low carbohydrate diet

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks: Avoiding alcohol may be advisable for patients with hepatitis A to prevent additional strain on the liver. However, it is not specifically related to preventing transmission of the infection to others. Therefore, it is not a transmission measure typically included in discharge instructions for the patient's family.

B. Avoid handling patient's leftover foods: Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water. By avoiding handling the patient's leftover foods, the risk of transmitting the virus to family members through contaminated food is minimized. This measure helps prevent the spread of infection within the household.

C. Have family members get an injection of immunoglobulin: Immunoglobulin may be administered to individuals who have been exposed to hepatitis A to provide passive immunity and reduce the severity of the illness. However, this measure is typically recommended for individuals who have not been previously vaccinated against hepatitis A and have been in close contact with an infected person, rather than as a general preventive measure for all family members.

D. Follow a low-protein, low carbohydrate diet: While maintaining a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific dietary recommendation related to protein or carbohydrate intake for patients with hepatitis A. Therefore, this measure is not directly related to preventing transmission of the infection to others and would not typically be included in discharge instructions for the patient's family.

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A nurse is screening a group of people at a community health event for hypertension. Which patient will the nurse identify is at risk for hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with hepatitis E is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. The nurse teaches the patient and their family that this type of hepatitis spread through which mode of transmission?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is planning discharge instructions for a patient with hepatitis A and their family. The nurse will include which infection transmission measure in the discharge instructions?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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