A nurse is screening a group of people at a community health event for hypertension. Which patient will the nurse identify is at risk for hypertension?

A 29-year-old female who reports drinking a glass of wine with dinner.

A 35-year-old male who works 50 hours a week.

A 50-year-old male who reports smoking 2 packs of cigarettes a day.

A 30-year-old female with a family history of diabetes mellitus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. A 29-year-old female who reports drinking a glass of wine with dinner: While excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to hypertension, moderate alcohol intake, such as drinking a glass of wine with dinner, is not typically a significant risk factor for hypertension in the absence of other contributing factors. Therefore, this individual may not be considered at high risk for hypertension solely based on this information.

B. A 35-year-old male who works 50 hours a week: While chronic stress from long work hours can potentially contribute to hypertension, working 50 hours a week alone may not be sufficient to significantly increase the risk of hypertension, especially in the absence of other significant risk factors. Therefore, this individual may not be considered at high risk for hypertension solely based on this information.

C. A 50-year-old male who reports smoking 2 packs of cigarettes a day: Smoking is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Nicotine in cigarettes can cause blood vessels to narrow, leading to increased blood pressure. Smoking also damages blood vessel walls, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup and narrowing, further increasing the risk of hypertension. Therefore, this individual is at high risk for hypertension due to their smoking habit.

D. A 30-year-old female with a family history of diabetes mellitus: While a family history of diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of developing hypertension due to shared risk factors such as obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits, it is not as directly associated with hypertension as smoking. Additionally, the individual's age and family history alone may not be sufficient to determine a significant risk for hypertension without additional information about lifestyle and other risk factors.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Muscle cramps: While muscle cramps can occur with hypertension, they are not specific indicators of target organ damage. Muscle cramps are more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances or peripheral vascular disease.

B. Bounding pulses: Bounding pulses can indicate increased stroke volume and cardiac output, which may occur in response to chronic hypertension. However, they are not direct indicators of target organ damage.

C. Vision changes: Vision changes, such as blurred vision or vision loss, can be indicative of hypertensive retinopathy, a complication of chronic hypertension affecting the blood vessels in the retina. These changes may manifest as decreased visual acuity, floaters, or even sudden vision loss and are considered signs of target organ damage.

D. Increased energy: Increased energy is not typically associated with target organ damage in the context of chronic hypertension. It may be a result of various factors unrelated to hypertension, such as improved sleep quality or changes in lifestyle habits.

A. Chest pain that radiates to the jaw B. Sudden and severe abdominal pain C. Blurred vision D. Dry cough

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chest pain that radiates to the jaw:
This finding suggests myocardial ischemia, as chest pain (angina) that radiates to the jaw is a classic symptom of cardiac origin. It is known as referred pain and occurs because the nerves that innervate the heart and jaw have a similar sensory pathway. The pain may be described as pressure, squeezing, or tightness in the chest, and it often spreads to the neck, shoulders, arms, or jaw. This pattern of pain radiation is typical in myocardial ischemia or heart attack due to inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle.

B. Sudden and severe abdominal pain:
While abdominal pain can be associated with various conditions, sudden and severe abdominal pain is not a typical symptom of myocardial ischemia. Instead, it may indicate other abdominal issues such as gastrointestinal problems, pancreatitis, or intra-abdominal vascular events. Myocardial ischemia typically presents with chest pain or discomfort, rather than abdominal pain.

C. Blurred vision:
Blurred vision is not a typical symptom of myocardial ischemia. It may suggest ocular issues such as refractive errors, dry eyes, or conditions affecting the retina or optic nerve. Myocardial ischemia primarily manifests with symptoms related to the heart, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or other signs of cardiovascular compromise.

D. Dry cough:
A dry cough is not a typical symptom of myocardial ischemia. It may be associated with various respiratory conditions such as allergies, asthma, or respiratory infections. Myocardial ischemia primarily presents with symptoms related to the heart and cardiovascular system, such as chest pain, palpitations, or dyspnea.

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A nurse is screening a group of people at a community health event for hypertension. Which patient will the nurse identify is at risk for hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

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