A patient taking an angiotensin receptor blocker (AR) to control blood pressure is now complaining of muscle cramps which action will the nurse implement?
Review serum electrolytes
Request the patient's food diary
Place the patent on bed rest
Observing vital signs
The Correct Answer is A
A. Review serum electrolytes: Muscle cramps can be associated with electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia (low potassium levels), which can occur as a side effect of ARB medications. Therefore, reviewing the patient's serum electrolyte levels, including potassium, can help identify any abnormalities that may be contributing to the muscle cramps. If hypokalemia is present, appropriate interventions such as potassium supplementation or adjustment of the ARB dosage may be necessary to alleviate the muscle cramps.
B. Request the patient's food diary: While assessing the patient's food diary may provide information about their dietary habits and potential factors contributing to muscle cramps (such as dehydration or inadequate nutrient intake), it may not directly address the potential electrolyte imbalance associated with ARB use. Therefore, while obtaining a food diary may be relevant, it is not the priority action in this scenario.
C. Place the patient on bed rest: Placing the patient on bed rest is not indicated solely based on complaints of muscle cramps. Muscle cramps can have various causes, and restricting the patient's activity may not address the underlying issue. Additionally, bed rest could lead to other complications such as deconditioning or venous thromboembolism, which are not warranted in this situation.
D. Observing vital signs: While monitoring vital signs is a routine nursing intervention, it may not directly address the patient's complaint of muscle cramps. Vital signs may be relevant in assessing overall health status, but they may not provide specific information about the cause of muscle cramps or guide appropriate interventions.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Sedentary lifestyle: While a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to the development and progression of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), it is not the highest risk factor compared to other options listed. Regular physical activity is important for cardiovascular health and can help reduce the risk of PAD, but other risk factors may have a greater impact on disease development.
B. Diabetes: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for PAD, especially when poorly controlled. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to atherosclerosis and reduced blood flow to the limbs. However, compared to cigarette smoking, diabetes may not be considered the highest risk factor for PAD.
C. Cigarette smoking: Cigarette smoking is the highest risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Tobacco smoke contains numerous harmful chemicals that damage blood vessels and promote atherosclerosis, narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow to the limbs. Smoking not only increases the risk of developing PAD but also accelerates its progression and worsens symptoms. Quitting smoking is one of the most important interventions for preventing and managing PAD.
D. Hyperlipidemia: Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (hyperlipidemia) contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which is a key mechanism underlying peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, while hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor, it may not be considered the highest risk factor compared to cigarette smoking. Controlling cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes and medications is essential for managing PAD and reducing cardiovascular risk.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Dry skin:
Dry skin is not a commonly reported side effect of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker used for blood pressure management. While dry skin can occur due to various reasons, it is less likely to be directly associated with diltiazem use. Therefore, it is not the side effect that the nurse should prioritize instructing the patient to report to the provider.
B. Burning sensation:
Although burning sensation is not a common side effect of diltiazem, it can occasionally occur as a skin reaction or hypersensitivity reaction to the medication. While this symptom may warrant attention, it is generally less concerning compared to other potential side effects of diltiazem. Therefore, while it is important for the patient to report any unusual sensations or discomfort, burning sensation alone may not be the most critical side effect to report.
C. Diarrhea:
Diarrhea is a potential side effect of diltiazem use. Calcium channel blockers like diltiazem can affect gastrointestinal motility and lead to gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea. While diarrhea can be bothersome and may indicate intolerance to the medication, it is generally considered a common side effect rather than a severe adverse reaction. Therefore, while the nurse should educate the patient about the possibility of diarrhea and encourage reporting any persistent or severe cases, it may not be the most critical side effect to report to the provider.
D. Irregular heart rate:
Irregular heart rate, including bradycardia or tachycardia, is a significant and potentially serious side effect of diltiazem. As a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem can affect cardiac conduction, leading to alterations in heart rate and rhythm. Irregular heart rate can indicate a significant cardiovascular complication and may require prompt medical attention. Therefore, the nurse should prioritize instructing the patient to report any changes in heart rate, including palpitations, rapid heartbeat, or irregular pulse, to the provider immediately.
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