A mother reports that her 4-month-old infant is lethargic, sleeps 18 hours a day, and snores. The nurse recognizes these signs are characteristic of what?
Hyperthyroidism
Tay-Sachs disease
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Hypothyroidism
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by weight loss, insomnia, increased heart rate, irritability, and tremors, which are the opposite of the signs described in this case. Lethargy and excessive sleep are more typical of hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism.
B. Tay-Sachs disease: Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, leading to developmental regression and symptoms like muscle weakness, loss of motor skills, and seizures. It does not typically present with lethargy and excessive sleep.
C. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 diabetes typically presents with symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue. While fatigue is common in type 1 diabetes, lethargy and excessive sleep, especially in a 4-month-old, are not indicative of it.
D. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism in infants can cause symptoms like lethargy, excessive sleep, snoring, poor feeding, and weight gain. It is a common condition in infants and can result in delayed development if left untreated.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The patient eats a high-carbohydrate snack before the exercise period: It is important for a patient with type 1 diabetes to ensure they have adequate glucose levels for exercise. Eating a high-carbohydrate snack before exercise is not always necessary unless blood glucose is low.
B. The patient reduces insulin use during days when exercise periods are planned: Insulin needs may be adjusted in relation to exercise, but reducing insulin across the board is not recommended without professional guidance.
C. The patient should know blood sugar before activity: It is important for patients with type 1 diabetes to check their blood sugar before exercise to ensure it is in a safe range. If the blood sugar is too low, they should consume a carbohydrate to prevent hypoglycemia.
D. The patient administers insulin after exercise rather than before exercise: Insulin should be timed appropriately to cover food intake and prevent post-meal hyperglycemia. Delaying insulin until after exercise could lead to high blood sugar levels.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Clients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus experiencing illness, stress, or surgery: Sliding scale insulin is often used during illness, stress, or surgery to adjust insulin doses based on blood glucose levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
B. Clients participating in a rigorous sport or activity: Sliding scale insulin is not typically used during exercise. Insulin adjustments for exercise are generally based on the individual’s patterns and current glucose levels.
C. Clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus experiencing illness, stress, or surgery: While Type 1 diabetics require sliding scale insulin in these situations, this option excludes Type 2 diabetics who also frequently need sliding scale insulin during periods of acute illness or stress.
D. Clients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes clients typically begin with oral medications or long-acting insulin, not sliding scale insulin, which is used during acute conditions.
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