Identify the type of fracture below.

Choice A rationale

A stress fracture is a tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse, rather than a single traumatic event. The image depicts a fracture pattern that is not consistent with the subtle, often hairline nature of a typical stress fracture.

Choice B rationale

A comminuted fracture involves the bone breaking into three or more fragments. While the image shows significant bone damage, it does not clearly depict multiple distinct fragments as seen in a comminuted fracture, which would be shattered into many pieces.

Choice C rationale

An oblique fracture occurs at an angle to the bone's long axis, typically resulting from a twisting force. The image shows a fracture that extends through the bone due to underlying disease, not a simple angular break characteristic of an oblique fracture.

Choice D rationale

A pathologic fracture occurs when a bone breaks due to an underlying disease or condition that weakens the bone, such as osteoporosis, cancer, or infection, rather than from significant trauma. The image illustrates a bone weakened by disease, leading to a fracture.

Choice A rationale

Informing a patient with impaired memory about socially appropriate behavior is generally ineffective as their cognitive deficits hinder their ability to process, retain, and apply this information. Their behavioral challenges often stem from neurological changes rather than a lack of understanding of social norms, leading to frustration for both parties.

Choice B rationale

Assisting with all self-care for a patient with dementia can inadvertently foster dependence and diminish their remaining abilities. Encouraging independence in activities of daily living, even with supervision or partial assistance, is crucial to maintain existing cognitive and functional skills and promote a sense of autonomy and dignity.

Choice C rationale

Maintaining familiar routines of sleep, meals, drug administration, and activities provides a sense of predictability and security for individuals with dementia. This consistency minimizes confusion and agitation by reducing the need to process new information and adapting to changes, thereby supporting cognitive function and emotional well-being.

Choice D rationale

While promoting orientation is important, frequent and repetitive questioning about the day, time, and place can be frustrating and agitating for a patient with significant memory impairment from dementia. Instead, providing subtle environmental cues, consistent verbal reminders, and engaging in reality orientation techniques when appropriate is more beneficial.