Identify the type of fracture below.
Stress.
Comminuted.
Oblique.
Pathologic.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A stress fracture is a tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse, rather than a single traumatic event. The image depicts a fracture pattern that is not consistent with the subtle, often hairline nature of a typical stress fracture.
Choice B rationale
A comminuted fracture involves the bone breaking into three or more fragments. While the image shows significant bone damage, it does not clearly depict multiple distinct fragments as seen in a comminuted fracture, which would be shattered into many pieces.
Choice C rationale
An oblique fracture occurs at an angle to the bone's long axis, typically resulting from a twisting force. The image shows a fracture that extends through the bone due to underlying disease, not a simple angular break characteristic of an oblique fracture.
Choice D rationale
A pathologic fracture occurs when a bone breaks due to an underlying disease or condition that weakens the bone, such as osteoporosis, cancer, or infection, rather than from significant trauma. The image illustrates a bone weakened by disease, leading to a fracture.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Jerking contractions of the head and neck are indicative of clonus, an involuntary, rhythmic muscular contraction and relaxation. This typically suggests upper motor neuron lesions or conditions like tetanus, and is not a specific finding for Babinski's sign, which involves a specific reflex arc in the foot.
Choice B rationale
Dorsiflexion of the great toe, often accompanied by fanning of the other toes, is the classic positive Babinski's sign. This reflects an upper motor neuron lesion interrupting the corticospinal tract, which normally inhibits this primitive reflex. In adults, it is an abnormal finding.
Choice C rationale
Pronation of the arms, especially when sustained, can be a component of pronator drift, which is another indicator of upper motor neuron weakness or damage, particularly in the corticospinal tract. However, it is a separate neurological sign from Babinski's reflex.
Choice D rationale
Pinpoint pupils (miosis) can indicate various neurological issues, including opioid overdose, pontine hemorrhage, or certain ophthalmological conditions. While a significant neurological finding, it is unrelated to the Babinski reflex, which specifically assesses the plantar response.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A blood pressure of 124/79 mm Hg is not within the expected reference range for normotension. The expected reference range for normal blood pressure is typically defined as systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg AND diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mm Hg, reflecting optimal cardiovascular health and minimal risk.
Choice B rationale
Stage 1 hypertension is defined by a systolic blood pressure between 130-139 mm Hg OR a diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mm Hg. The client's blood pressure of 124/79 mm Hg does not meet these criteria, as both values are below the threshold for stage 1 hypertension.
Choice C rationale
A blood pressure of 124/79 mm Hg falls into the category of "elevated blood pressure.”. This classification is defined by a systolic blood pressure between 120-129 mm Hg AND a diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mm Hg, indicating a higher risk for developing hypertension.
Choice D rationale
Stage 2 hypertension is characterized by a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher OR a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. The client's blood pressure of 124/79 mm Hg is significantly below these thresholds, thus ruling out a diagnosis of stage 2 hypertension.
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