A nurse auscultates heart sounds. When the nurse hears S2, which valves is the nurse hearing close?

Aortic and Mitral

Mitral and Pulmonic

Mitral and Tricuspid

Aortic and Pulmonic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Aortic and Mitral: The mitral valve is associated with the S1 sound, not S2. S2 occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close.

B. Mitral and Pulmonic: The mitral valve closure is heard in S1, while the pulmonic valve closure is part of S2. However, the mitral valve is not involved in S2.

C. Mitral and Tricuspid: The mitral and tricuspid valves close during S1, not S2. These valves are atrioventricular (AV) valves, not semilunar valves.

D. Aortic and Pulmonic: The second heart sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves at the beginning of diastole. This marks the end of systole.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hypertension: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine that typically causes hypotension, not hypertension. It can have a mild vasodilatory effect, leading to a drop in blood pressure in some patients.

B. Constipation: While some antihistamines can cause mild gastrointestinal effects, constipation is not a primary adverse effect of diphenhydramine. Dry mouth and urinary retention are more common due to its anticholinergic properties.

C. Bradycardia: Diphenhydramine can sometimes cause tachycardia (increased heart rate), especially in elderly patients or those prone to cardiovascular effects. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a usual adverse effect.

D. Sedation: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier and has a sedative effect by blocking histamine receptors in the central nervous system. It is commonly used as a sleep aid for this reason.

A. Utilizing evidence-based practice based on nurses' needs B. Establishes minimal passing standards for testing C. Uses critical thinking for the highest level of quality nursing care. D. By passes the patient's feelings to promote ethical standards

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Utilizing evidence-based practice based on nurses' needs: Professional standards focus on patient-centered care, not the nurse's needs. Evidence-based practice should prioritize patient safety and effectiveness.

B. Establishes minimal passing standards for testing: While professional standards guide nursing education and testing, their primary role is to guide clinical decision-making for patient care.

C. Uses critical thinking for the highest level of quality nursing care: Professional standards provide guidelines for best practices, ensuring nurses apply critical thinking and clinical judgment to improve patient outcomes.

D. Bypasses the patient's feelings to promote ethical standards: Ethical nursing practice includes patient advocacy, not bypassing patient emotions or concerns.

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A nurse auscultates heart sounds. When the nurse hears S2, which valves is the nurse hearing close?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client about taking diphenhydramine. The nurse should explain to the client that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius: 98.6

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