A nurse auscultates heart sounds. When the nurse hears S2, which valves is the nurse hearing close?
Aortic and Mitral
Mitral and Pulmonic
Mitral and Tricuspid
Aortic and Pulmonic
The Correct Answer is D
A. Aortic and Mitral: The mitral valve is associated with the S1 sound, not S2. S2 occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close.
B. Mitral and Pulmonic: The mitral valve closure is heard in S1, while the pulmonic valve closure is part of S2. However, the mitral valve is not involved in S2.
C. Mitral and Tricuspid: The mitral and tricuspid valves close during S1, not S2. These valves are atrioventricular (AV) valves, not semilunar valves.
D. Aortic and Pulmonic: The second heart sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves at the beginning of diastole. This marks the end of systole.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pleural effusion: A pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space and is not directly related to atelectasis. Atelectasis is alveolar collapse and does not cause fluid buildup.
B. Hypoxemia: Atelectasis impairs gas exchange, leading to decreased oxygen levels (hypoxemia) due to collapsed alveoli. This is a hallmark finding.
C. Dysphagia: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is not a direct symptom of atelectasis. It may be seen in stroke or esophageal disorders.
D. Apnea: Apnea (cessation of breathing) is not a typical sign of atelectasis. Atelectasis causes shallow breathing, dyspnea, and hypoxia rather than complete cessation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Left-sided heart failure: Left-sided heart failure causes pulmonary congestion leading to crackles, orthopnea (difficulty breathing while lying flat), and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (waking up gasping for air).
B. Myocardial ischemia: Myocardial ischemia causes chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue, but it does not cause crackles in the lungs or fluid overload symptoms.
C. Right-sided heart failure: Right-sided heart failure results in systemic congestion (peripheral edema, weight gain, and jugular vein distention), not pulmonary symptoms like crackles.
D. Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation causes irregular heartbeats, palpitations, and fatigue, but it is not the primary cause of crackles or orthopnea.
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