A nurse caring for a client who has an infected wound removes a dressing saturated with blood and purulent drainage. How should the nurse dispose of the dressing material?

Choice A rationale:

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is a component of blood used to replace clotting factors and is typically indicated for specific medical conditions like bleeding disorders or massive transfusions. In this case, the client requires red blood cells due to significant blood loss, so FFP alone is not the appropriate choice.

Choice B rationale:

Initiating an immediate blood transfusion without the client's consent is not ethically appropriate, especially considering the client's religious beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness. Respecting the client's autonomy and religious convictions is important.

Choice C rationale:

Asking the client to decide about the blood transfusion is the correct course of action. Since the client is able to respond to questions appropriately, they should be informed about their condition, the need for a blood transfusion, and the potential risks and benefits. This respects the client's autonomy while ensuring they have the necessary information to make an informed decision.

Choice D rationale:

Notifying the client's family immediately is not the best initial action. While involving the family is important, the client's own decision about the blood transfusion should take precedence, especially when they are conscious and able to make decisions for themselves.

Choice A rationale:

Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is a common finding in clients with emphysema. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by the destruction of lung tissue, leading to reduced lung elasticity and airflow limitation, which can result in difficulty breathing.

Choice B rationale:

Clubbing of the fingers is another expected finding in clients with advanced emphysema. Clubbing is the swelling and rounding of the fingertips, often associated with chronic respiratory conditions. It is thought to be a result of chronic hypoxia and inadequate oxygenation.

Choice C rationale:

Deep respirations are not typically associated with emphysema. Clients with emphysema often exhibit shallow, rapid respirations due to the loss of lung tissue elasticity, which impairs the normal respiratory mechanics.

Choice D rationale:

Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a common finding in emphysema. Emphysema primarily affects the respiratory system and does not directly influence heart rate. Bradycardia could be related to other factors but is not a characteristic finding of emphysema.

Choice E rationale:

Barrel chest is a classic physical finding in clients with emphysema. It results from the hyperinflation of the lungs due to the trapping of air in the damaged alveoli. This gives the chest a rounded appearance, similar to the shape of a barrel.