A nurse in a family health clinic is collecting data as part of a routine physical examination of a client who is about to enter high school. The nurse observes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. The nurse should expect the provider to document which of the following disorders?

Scoliosis

Ankylosis

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Scoliosis: Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, commonly detected during routine physical exams in school-aged children and adolescents. This is the correct diagnosis for the described symptom.

B. Ankylosis: Ankylosis refers to joint stiffness or immobility due to fusion of the bones, not a lateral curvature of the spine. It is typically associated with conditions like ankylosing spondylitis and does not describe a spinal curvature.

C. Kyphosis: Kyphosis involves an abnormal forward curvature of the spine, often resulting in a hunchback appearance. It is not the same as a lateral curvature and thus does not fit the description given.

D. Lordosis: Lordosis is characterized by an exaggerated inward curve of the lower spine, commonly referred to as swayback. It does not involve lateral curvature and therefore is not relevant to the described condition.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Your newborn will receive the first DTaP vaccine during the initial well-baby visit.": The first dose of DTaP is typically given at 2 months, not at the newborn stage.

B. "Your newborn should receive an immunization for MMR at 6 months.": The MMR vaccine is usually administered at 12-15 months, not at 6 months.

C. "Your newborn is scheduled to have a hepatitis B vaccine prior to discharge.": Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended to be given within 24 hours of birth as the first dose of a series.

D. "Your newborn should receive the PCV vaccine two times prior to his first birthday.": The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedule starts at 2 months with multiple doses, but not specifically "two times" before the first birthday.

A. Decreased hematocrit B. Increased respiratory rate C. Decreased heart rate D. Increased platelet count

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Decreased hematocrit: Hematocrit usually increases in dehydration due to the concentration of red blood cells in a smaller volume of plasma.

B. Increased respiratory rate: Dehydration can lead to tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased blood volume and maintain oxygen delivery.

C. Decreased heart rate: Dehydration typically causes tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body tries to maintain adequate blood circulation and pressure.

D. Increased platelet count: Dehydration does not typically affect platelet count significantly, though it may concentrate blood components, including platelets, making them appear elevated on a lab test.

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A nurse in a family health clinic is collecting data as part of a routine physical examination of a client who is about to enter high school. The nurse observes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. The nurse should expect the provider to document which of the following disorders?

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Correct Answer is C

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Correct Answer is B

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