A nurse in a pediatric clinic is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of a visual Impairment?
The infant reacts to bright light.
The infant's corneal light reflex is symmetrical.
The infant does not fixate and follow an object.
The infant's red reflex is present bilaterally.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The infant reacts to bright light. Reacting to bright light is a normal response and indicates that the infant can see. This does not indicate a visual impairment.
B. The infant's corneal light reflex is symmetrical. A symmetrical corneal light reflex indicates proper eye alignment and does not suggest a visual impairment.
C. The infant does not fixate and follow an object. By 6 months, an infant should be able to fixate on and follow an object. Failure to do so can be an indication of a visual impairment.
D. The infant's red reflex is present bilaterally. A normal red reflex in both eyes indicates that the eyes are clear and healthy. Absence of the red reflex could suggest a problem, but its presence does not indicate impairment.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A,B"},"D":{"answers":"A"}}
Explanation
Temperature: Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: ☑️ Pneumonia: ☑️
Both acute laryngotracheobronchitis and pneumonia can present with fever. While croup typically presents with a low-grade fever, pneumonia can also present with fever, though it can sometimes be higher.
Cough findings at 0800: Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: ☑️ Pneumonia: ☐
A "barking" non-productive cough is a classic symptom of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup). Pneumonia usually presents with a productive cough rather than a barking one, although it can sometimes be non-productive in children.
Irritability: Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: ☑️ Pneumonia: ☑️
Irritability can be seen in both conditions as a result of discomfort, fever, and difficulty breathing. It is a nonspecific symptom that can occur in many illnesses, including respiratory infections like croup and pneumonia.
Stridor: Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: ☑️ Pneumonia: ☐
Stridor, particularly inspiratory stridor, is a hallmark of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), which involves inflammation of the upper airway causing a characteristic sound during breathing. Stridor is not typically associated with pneumonia, which usually affects the lower respiratory tract and may present with wheezing or crackles instead.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Place the child in a protected environment for 48 hr: While isolation might be implemented, 48 hours is not a typical timeframe for pertussis. The contagious period can last for weeks.
B. Administer the pertussis vaccine: The pertussis vaccine is for prevention, not treatment of an active case.
C. Report the diagnosis to the public health department. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory illness. Reporting the case to the public health department allows them to track the spread of the disease and take steps to prevent further outbreaks
D. Restrict oral fluids to 500 mL per day. Restricting fluids can worsen dehydration, especially in a child with a respiratory illness.
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