A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 1 week of pregnancy and has noticed bleeding without contractions.
She is in no distress and states that she can feel the baby moving. Which of the following might be the cause?

Premature maturity.

Incompetency.

Location of the placenta.

Frequency and duration of contractions.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

Premature maturity is not a plausible cause of bleeding without contractions at 1 week of pregnancy. Premature maturity, or preterm labor, refers to labor that begins before 37 weeks of gestation. It is characterized by contractions and cervical changes, often accompanied by other symptoms such as lower back pain, pelvic pressure, or a change in vaginal discharge. At 1 week of pregnancy, the fetus is still in the very early stages of development, and premature labor is not possible.

Choice C rationale:

The location of the placenta can sometimes cause bleeding in pregnancy, but it is typically associated with later stages of gestation, such as the second or third trimester. Placental conditions like placenta previa, where the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix, can lead to bleeding, but this is unlikely to occur at 1 week of pregnancy. Moreover, placenta previa is usually accompanied by pain or cramping, which is not present in the client's case.

Choice D rationale:

The frequency and duration of contractions are relevant in assessing labor progression, but they are not a primary cause of bleeding without contractions. Contractions are the rhythmic tightening and relaxing of the uterine muscles that help to dilate the cervix and move the baby through the birth canal. Bleeding without contractions at 1 week of pregnancy suggests a different underlying issue.

Choice B rationale:

Incompetency, also known as cervical insufficiency or cervical incompetence, is the most likely cause of bleeding without contractions at 1 week of pregnancy. It occurs when the cervix is weak and begins to open prematurely, even without the presence of contractions. This can lead to bleeding and potential miscarriage or preterm birth. The fact that the client can feel the baby moving does not rule out cervical insufficiency, as fetal movement can sometimes be felt as early as 13-16 weeks of pregnancy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The estimated date of delivery (EDD) using Naegele's rule is _.

Step 1: Add 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period. May 8 + 7 days = May 15

Step 2: Count 3 months back. May - 3 months = February

Step 3: Adjust the year if necessary. The year remains the same.

The estimated date of delivery is February 15 of the following year.

A. Low birth weight. B. Hyperactivity. C. Hypersensitivity to noise. D. Craniofacial abnormalities.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for low birth weight. Studies have consistently shown that infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to be born prematurely and have a lower birth weight compared to infants born to non-smoking mothers.

Nicotine, a primary component in cigarettes, is a vasoconstrictor that reduces blood flow to the placenta. This decreased blood flow can deprive the developing fetus of oxygen and essential nutrients, leading to impaired growth and development.

Carbon monoxide, another harmful substance in cigarette smoke, binds to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing its ability to carry oxygen. This can also contribute to fetal hypoxia and growth restriction.

Smoking can also interfere with placental function, further compromising the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

Choice B rationale:

While some studies have suggested a possible link between maternal smoking and hyperactivity in children, the evidence is not conclusive. Further research is needed to establish a definitive association.

Choice C rationale:

There is no clear evidence to suggest that maternal smoking directly causes hypersensitivity to noise in newborns.

Choice D rationale:

Craniofacial abnormalities are not typically associated with maternal smoking. They are more commonly caused by genetic factors or exposure to certain medications or substances during pregnancy.

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A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 1 week of pregnancy and has noticed bleeding without contractions. She is in no distress and states that she can feel the baby moving. Which of the following might be the cause?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is determining a client's estimated date of delivery using Naegele's rule. The first day of her last menstrual period was May 8. Which of the following dates should the nurse tell the client is her estimated date of delivery?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should instruct the client that her newborn is at increased risk for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 1 week of pregnancy and has noticed bleeding without contractions.
She is in no distress and states that she can feel the baby moving. Which of the following might be the cause?