A nurse should include which of the following information?
Quickening starts soon after implantation.
Quickening occurs between the fourth and fifth months of pregnancy.
Quickening starts during the last trimester of pregnancy.
Quickening occurs between the second and third month of pregnancy
The Correct Answer is B
The correct answer is choice b. Quickening occurs between the fourth and fifth months of pregnancy.
Choice A rationale:
Quickening does not start soon after implantation. Implantation occurs around 6-10 days after fertilization, but quickening, which is the first feeling of fetal movements, typically happens much later in pregnancy.
Choice B rationale:
This is the correct answer. Quickening usually occurs between 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, which corresponds to the fourth and fifth months.
Choice C rationale:
Quickening does not start during the last trimester. By the last trimester, fetal movements are usually strong and frequent, and the mother has been feeling them for several months.
Choice D rationale:
Quickening does not occur between the second and third month of pregnancy. At this stage, the fetus is still too small for its movements to be felt by the mother.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for low birth weight. Studies have consistently shown that infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to be born prematurely and have a lower birth weight compared to infants born to non-smoking mothers.
Nicotine, a primary component in cigarettes, is a vasoconstrictor that reduces blood flow to the placenta. This decreased blood flow can deprive the developing fetus of oxygen and essential nutrients, leading to impaired growth and development.
Carbon monoxide, another harmful substance in cigarette smoke, binds to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing its ability to carry oxygen. This can also contribute to fetal hypoxia and growth restriction.
Smoking can also interfere with placental function, further compromising the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
Choice B rationale:
While some studies have suggested a possible link between maternal smoking and hyperactivity in children, the evidence is not conclusive. Further research is needed to establish a definitive association.
Choice C rationale:
There is no clear evidence to suggest that maternal smoking directly causes hypersensitivity to noise in newborns.
Choice D rationale:
Craniofacial abnormalities are not typically associated with maternal smoking. They are more commonly caused by genetic factors or exposure to certain medications or substances during pregnancy.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A:
It is inaccurate to state that urinary frequency will continue throughout pregnancy in most cases. While it is a common symptom, it typically resolves by the end of the first trimester.
Suggesting that poor bladder tone is the cause of ongoing urinary frequency is not supported by evidence. This response may unnecessarily alarm a client who is already experiencing discomfort.
Choice B:
It is not recommended to advise a pregnant woman to decrease her fluid intake, especially during the first trimester when adequate hydration is crucial.
Restricting fluids can lead to dehydration, which can have negative consequences for both the mother and the fetus. While reducing fluid intake before bedtime might lessen nighttime urination, it does not address the underlying cause of urinary frequency.
Choice C:
While it is true that the duration of urinary frequency can vary among individuals, providing such an uncertain response may not be helpful to the client.
It is important to offer information that is both accurate and reassuring.
Choice D:
This response accurately conveys that urinary frequency is a common early pregnancy symptom that typically resolves by the end of the first trimester.
It also acknowledges that the symptom may return later in pregnancy, which helps to prepare the client for potential discomfort.
This response provides accurate information in a reassuring manner, making it the most appropriate choice.
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