A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks gestation. The client asks about the cause of her heartburn. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Retained bile in the liver results in delayed digestion.

Increased estrogen production causes increased secretion of hydrochloric acid.

Pressure from the growing uterus displaces the stomach.

Increased progesterone production causes relaxation of the smooth muscle relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and delayed gastric emptying.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A)   Retained bile in the liver results in delayed digestion: This statement is not related to the cause of heartburn.
B)   Increased estrogen production causes increased secretion of hydrochloric acid: While hormonal changes during pregnancy can contribute to heartburn, it is specifically increased progesterone that leads to relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and delayed gastric emptying, which are more directly linked to heartburn.
C)   Pressure from the growing uterus displaces the stomach: Uterine pressure on the stomach can lead to a feeling of fullness, but it is not the primary cause of heartburn during pregnancy.
D)   Increased progesterone production causes relaxation of the smooth muscle relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and delayed gastric emptying: This is the correct answer. Increased progesterone levels during pregnancy relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to gastric acid reflux into the esophagus and causing heartburn.

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: Amniocentesis is not primarily performed to determine the gender of the fetus. The main indication for this procedure is to detect genetic abnormalities or chromosomal disorders.
Choice B: The primary purpose of an amniocentesis is to detect chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), trisomy 18, and trisomy 13, among others.
Choice C: Rh incompatibility is assessed through blood tests, not amniocentesis. It involves determining the Rh factor of the mother's blood and monitoring for potential Rh sensitization.

Choice D: Cephalopelvic disproportion refers to a situation where the baby's head is too large or the mother's pelvis is too small to allow for a vaginal delivery. It is not related to amniocentesis.
Choice E: While detecting neural tube defects can be done through amniocentesis, it is not the primary indication for the procedure. Neural tube defects can also be screened for through blood tests and ultrasound examinations. Amniocentesis is more commonly used for chromosomal analysis.

A. "It occurs during the first trimester and near the end of the pregnancy." B. "It's a minor inconvenience, which you should ignore." C. "There is no way to predict how long it will last in each individual client." D. "In most cases, it only lasts until the 12th week, but it will continue if you have poor bladder tone."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A: Urinary frequency is a common symptom during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and near the end of the pregnancy. During the first trimester, it is mainly due to

hormonal changes and increased blood flow to the pelvic area. In the later stages, it is caused by the growing uterus putting pressure on the bladder.

Choice B: Dismissing the client's concern as a minor inconvenience is not appropriate and may disregard the client's experience.

Choice C: While it is true that each individual client's experience may vary, it is important to provide the client with information regarding common patterns.

Choice D: Providing accurate information about the duration of urinary frequency is important. While it may last until the 12th week for many women, it does not continue throughout the entire pregnancy for most individuals, regardless of bladder tone.

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A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks gestation. The client asks about the cause of her heartburn. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Explanation

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