A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client.
The nurse should identify that which of the following findings are manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale

Jerking contractions of the head and neck are indicative of clonus, an involuntary, rhythmic muscular contraction and relaxation. This typically suggests upper motor neuron lesions or conditions like tetanus, and is not a specific finding for Babinski's sign, which involves a specific reflex arc in the foot.

Choice B rationale

Dorsiflexion of the great toe, often accompanied by fanning of the other toes, is the classic positive Babinski's sign. This reflects an upper motor neuron lesion interrupting the corticospinal tract, which normally inhibits this primitive reflex. In adults, it is an abnormal finding.

Choice C rationale

Pronation of the arms, especially when sustained, can be a component of pronator drift, which is another indicator of upper motor neuron weakness or damage, particularly in the corticospinal tract. However, it is a separate neurological sign from Babinski's reflex.

Choice D rationale

Pinpoint pupils (miosis) can indicate various neurological issues, including opioid overdose, pontine hemorrhage, or certain ophthalmological conditions. While a significant neurological finding, it is unrelated to the Babinski reflex, which specifically assesses the plantar response.

Choice A rationale

A stress fracture is a tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse, rather than a single traumatic event. The image depicts a fracture pattern that is not consistent with the subtle, often hairline nature of a typical stress fracture.

Choice B rationale

A comminuted fracture involves the bone breaking into three or more fragments. While the image shows significant bone damage, it does not clearly depict multiple distinct fragments as seen in a comminuted fracture, which would be shattered into many pieces.

Choice C rationale

An oblique fracture occurs at an angle to the bone's long axis, typically resulting from a twisting force. The image shows a fracture that extends through the bone due to underlying disease, not a simple angular break characteristic of an oblique fracture.

Choice D rationale

A pathologic fracture occurs when a bone breaks due to an underlying disease or condition that weakens the bone, such as osteoporosis, cancer, or infection, rather than from significant trauma. The image illustrates a bone weakened by disease, leading to a fracture.