A nurse is administering a daily dose of vancomycin at 10:00 AM. At which time should the nurse obtain the patient's blood sample to determine the trough level?

A. Type IV Hypersensitivity (Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction): This type of reaction involves a delayed immune response, typically occurring 24 to 72 hours after exposure to an antigen. It's characterized by the activation of T cells and macrophages, leading to inflammation. This type of hypersensitivity is often associated with conditions like contact dermatitis and some autoimmune diseases.

B. Type III Hypersensitivity (Antibody-Mediated Reaction): Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when immune complexes, which are composed of antigens and antibodies, deposit in various tissues. This leads to inflammation and tissue damage. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of a disease associated with Type III hypersensitivity.

C. Type II Hypersensitivity: This type of reaction involves antibodies (IgG or IgM) targeting antigens on the surface of cells. This can lead to cell destruction through various mechanisms, such as complement activation or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Examples include hemolytic transfusion reactions and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

D. Type I Hypersensitivity (Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction): Type I hypersensitivity is characterized by an immediate immune response, typically occurring within minutes of exposure to an allergen. It involves the release of histamines and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, leading to symptoms like hives, respiratory distress, and anaphylaxis. Allergies, like hay fever and food allergies, are examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions.

A. "Tetracycline inhibits protein synthesis."
Tetracycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosomes, which are crucial for making proteins. This disruption in protein synthesis prevents bacterial growth and replication.

B. "Tetracycline blocks RNA synthesis."
Tetracycline primarily affects protein synthesis, not RNA synthesis. It binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and disrupts the translation process.

C. "Tetracycline degrades the bacterial cell wall."
Tetracycline does not target the bacterial cell wall. Drugs like penicillin and cephalosporins work by disrupting cell wall synthesis, but tetracycline operates differently by inhibiting protein synthesis.

D. "Tetracycline binds to magnesium ions."
Tetracycline does not specifically bind to magnesium ions. Its primary mode of action involves binding to the bacterial ribosome, as mentioned in the first correct statement.